Peer Supported Web-based CBT for OEF/OIF Veterans With PTSD and Substance Misuse

Veterans who served in Iraq and Afghanistan have high rates of co-morbid PTSD symptoms and
hazardous substance use (HSU). Evidence-based treatments for these problems are available in
VA specialty clinics, but multiple barriers lead to low utilization of these treatments.
Novel treatment approaches are needed. Previous research supports that 1) primary
care-mental health integration (PC-MHI) services are associated with increased treatment
engagement, 2) technology-based interventions are well accepted by Veterans and are more
effective when delivered with professional support, and 3) Veteran peer services are
associated with improved treatment engagement, patient motivation, and overall functioning.
This study will add a Peer-Support component to an existing Web-based Cognitive Behavioral
Treatment (CBT) for PTSD and HSU called Moving Forward. Preliminary data analyses from our
NIAAA-funded trial indicate that participants who used Moving Forward more had larger
reductions in PTSD symptoms. Qualitative feedback supports that Veterans want interpersonal
interactions while receiving treatment and need help engaging in the treatment more fully.
Therefore, this pilot study will investigate if adding peer support to Moving Forward
improves patients outcomes. A randomized controlled trial (N=30) comparing Moving Forward to
Peer-Supported Moving Forward will be conducted. The peer support component will consist of
semi-structured brief sessions conducted weekly for the 12 weeks of study treatment by a
VA-certified peer support specialist. Peers will receive study-specific training and weekly
supervision from clinicians that are part of the study staff. Primary outcomes will include
process outcomes (treatment engagement, patient satisfaction) and clinical outcomes (PTSD
symptoms, alcohol and substance use, quality of life).

Inclusion Criteria:

1. At least 18 years of age,

2. An OEF or OIF or OND veteran (verified via CPRS),

3. Hazardous or harmful substance use as measured by one of the following: a) AUDIT
score of >=7 (for women) or >= 8 (for men), b) DAST score of >=2, c) Have exited a
controlled environment (e.g., detoxification unit, hospital, or correctional
facility) within 30 days of screening AND within 30 days prior to entering the
controlled environment report heavy drinking (>3 drinks for women or > 4 drinks for
men on 1 or more days) or use of any illegal drugs or misuse of prescription drugs
(use in excess of the directions or any non-medical use), 4) Determined to have
diagnostic-level PTSD (1 A symptom, 1 B symptom, 3 C symptoms AND 2 D symptoms) or
subthreshold PTSD (1 A symptom, 1 B symptom, 3 C symptoms OR 2 D symptoms) on the
Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS),

5) Currently receiving primary medical care at the Syracuse VA Medical Center (verified
via CPRS)

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Plans to move out of the area within the next three months,

2. Enrolled in psychotherapy in the last two months focused on substance use or PTSD,

3. Have incurred a change in dose or type of a psychiatric medication that treats PTSD
or substance use in the last two months,

4. Inability to understand or provide informed consent,

5. Inability to use English to participate in the consent process, the computerized
intervention, or the assessments,

6. In need of alcohol detoxification as determined by a score of > 15 on the Clinical
Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol (CIWA-Ar),

7. Current plan or intent to harm self,

8. Medical chart diagnosis of a current psychotic disorder, including schizophrenia or
bi-polar disorder,

9. Cognitive impairment specified by a medical chart diagnosis. Diagnoses include
dementia and moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Patients with mild TBI
were not excluded.