Effect of Fiber on Glycemic Index

This study is a randomized, 4-arm, single-blinded, controlled, cross-over trial design
focused on determining the health benefits associated with Polydextrose intake.

A planned sample size of 40 will be enrolled into the study. This study will require one
initial screening visit and 4 weekly study visits. This study will take approximately 4 weeks
per subject to complete.

The initial screening visit will provide subject with the informed consent document and
determine subject eligibility through anthropometric measurements, vital signs, fasting blood
glucose test (finger prick), and completion of a survey relate to general eating, health, and
exercise habits.

If willing and eligible to participate, subjects will be invited to participate in the study
for 4 study days. Subjects will be instructed to maintain their usual diet pattern and
physical activity throughout study duration. A dinner meal will be provided the day before
the study visit to control the second meal effect from the food and beverage intake of the
night before the study visit.

Subject will arrive at the center in a fasted state for at least 10 hours, well hydrated and
rested. Each study visit will require blood draws throughout the visit. After evaluation of
subject's health status (via anthropometric, vital sign and blood glucose measurements and
in-person interview), a Licensed health Care Professional will place a catheter in subject's
arm for the purpose of multiple blood sample collections and take the initial blood draw in
the fasting state. Subjects will be randomized to receive a placebo or treatment beverage
based on randomized treatment sequences for 4 study visits. The sequences of receiving the
beverage treatments at each visit will be randomly assigned to one of sequences.

Each study visit will involve with blood samples collection at time points 0 (fasting), 0.5,
1, 2, 3 hour (h) for assessment of change in plasma glucose and insulin concentrations.

Inclusion Criteria:

- Subject is male or female aged between 20 and 55 years of age

- Subject has BMI between 20.0 and 32.0 kg/m2 at screening visit

- Fasting blood sugar less than 126 mg/dL

- Subject is willing to maintain a stable body weight and to follow his/her regular diet
and physical activity patterns throughout the study period.

- Subject is willing to refrain from vigorous physical activity and consumption of
alcoholic and/or caffeinated beverages 24 h prior to each test day

- Subject does not smoke or has abstained from smoking for at least 2 years

- No clinical evidence of cardiovascular, metabolic, respiratory, renal,
gastrointestinal or hepatic disease

- Not taking any medications or dietary supplements that would interfere with outcomes
of the study.

- Subject typically consumes a low fiber diet that correlates with the average fiber
intake of typical western diet.

Exclusion Criteria:

- Subject currently smokes or has smoked within the past 2 years

- Men and women with known or suspected food intolerance, allergies or hypersensitivity
to the study materials or closely related compounds

- Men and women known to have/diagnosed with diabetes mellitus

- Men and women with a fasting blood glucose concentration ≥126 mg/dL

- Average blood pressure > 140 mmHg/90 mmHg during screening visit

- Men and women with documented vascular disease, e.g., heart failure, myocardial
infarction, stroke, angina, related surgeries

- Men and women with cancer other than non-melanoma skin cancer in previous 5 years

- Men and women who are taking medication or dietary supplements that may interfere with
the outcomes of the study. Subjects may choose to go off dietary supplements (requires
30 days washout)

- Men and women who have donated blood within 3 months of the screening visit and blood
donors/participants for whom participation in this study will result in having donated
more than 1500 milliliters of blood in the previous 12 months

- Substance (alcohol or drug) abuse within the last 2 years

- Excessive coffee and tea consumption (> 4 cups/day)

- Unstable weight: gained or lost weight +/- 5 lbs in previous 3 months

- Women who are known to be pregnant or who are intending to become pregnant over the
course of the study and women who are lactating.

- Men and women whom investigator is uncertain about subject's capability or willingness
to comply with protocol requirements

- Special or atypical diet - eg. vegan, gluten free, excessively high or low
energy/fiber

- Women who are taking unstable dose and brand of hormonal contraceptives and/or stable
dose and brand less than 6 months.

- Men and women who do excessive exercise regularly or athlete