Rostral Dorsal Cingulum Bundle Connectivity in Patients With Bipolar Disorder

1. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria for Group 1: Healthy Volunteers

a. Inclusion Criteria for Group 1:

i. Male or female, age 18 or older

ii. In the opinion of the investigator, capable of understanding and complying with
protocol requirements

iii. In the opinion of the investigator, has the competency to understand and sign the
informed consent

iv. Physically healthy

v. Without any current and/or lifetime psychiatric disorder assessed with a Structured
Clinical Interview for psychiatric Disorders, including the Mini International
Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI)

b. Exclusion Criteria for Group 1:

i. Significant structural brain lesion identified (e.g. infarct, hemorrhage, tumor,
multiple sclerosis)

ii. Progressive neurological disease such as neurodegenerative disease

iii. Preexisting implanted electrical device (such as pacemaker or cardiac
defibrillator)

iv. Any psychiatric disorder including any severe personality disorder

v. Currently pregnant or planning to become pregnant

vi. Any other contraindications to the brain imaging procedures.

vii. Tests positive for illegal substances or prescription medications for which they
do not have a valid prescription

viii. Currently taking any steroids, stimulants, or opioid pain killers.

ix. Currently experiencing nicotine dependence or any smoking of cigarettes or use of
other nicotine containing products within a week before the imaging visit.

2. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria for Group 2: Medically Treatment-Responsive Bipolar
Disorder

a. Inclusion Criteria for Group 2:

i. Male or female, age 18 or older

ii. In the opinion of the investigator, capable of understanding and complying with
protocol requirements

iii. In the opinion of the investigator, has the competency to understand and sign the
informed consent

iv. Meets diagnostic criteria for BDI or BDII according to the DSM-V criteria, as
confirmed by a systematic clinical interview and the administration of the MINI

v. A recent episode of depression, currently in remission with evidence-based
treatments for bipolar disorder

vi. Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score ≤ 10

vii. Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS, Young et al 1988) total score ≤ 8

viii. Global Clinical Impression-Severity for Bipolar Disorder (CGI-S-BD) ≤ 2

ix. Subject is compliant with taking medication per the investigator's discretion

b. Exclusion Criteria for Group 2:

i. Significant structural brain lesion identified (e.g. infarct, hemorrhage, tumor,
multiple sclerosis)

ii. Progressive neurological disease such as neurodegenerative disease

iii. Preexisting implanted electrical device (such as pacemaker or cardiac
defibrillator)

iv. Contribution of any co-occurring psychiatric comorbidity that is disproportionate
to the contribution of BDI or BDII, such as severe obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

v. Meets criteria for antisocial personality disorder

vi. Meets criteria for having borderline personality disorder

vii. There will be no exclusions based on prescribed CNS-active medications

viii. Tests positive for illegal substances or prescription medications for which they
do not have a valid prescription

ix. Meets DSM-V criteria for any alcohol and/or drug use disorder within the last 6
months, excluding the use of caffeine and/or nicotine

x. Currently pregnant or planning to become pregnant

xi. Any other contraindications to the brain imaging procedures.

3. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria for Group 3: Treatment-Refractory Bipolar Disorder

a. Inclusion Criteria for Group 3:

i. Male or female, age 18 or older

ii. In the opinion of the investigator, capable of understanding and complying with
protocol requirements

iii. In the opinion of the investigator, has the competency to understand and sign the
informed consent

iv. Meets diagnostic criteria for BDI or BDII, currently depressed, at least
moderately severe with or without psychotic features, according to the DSM-V criteria,
as confirmed by a systematic clinical interview and the administration of the
Structured Clinical Interview for Psychiatric Disorders, including the Mini
International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI)

v. Current episode lasting at least 6 months and not responding to 2 adequate
evidence-based treatments for BDI or BDII assessed with the assistance of Modified
Antidepressant Treatment History Form (MATHF) and verified through medical records if
possible

vi. If a subject has refused treatment with a particular FDA-approved mood stabilizer
due to reasons of unacceptable side effects (such as weight gain, etc.), their wishes
will be respected

vii. Depression severity should be measured with Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating
Scale (MADRS). A MADRS total score ≥ 20 is required at Screening Visit/Baseline
Evaluation.

viii. Has experienced marked impairment as documented by a score consistent with
severe impairment (7 or more on at least one of the three subscales of the Sheehan
Disability Scale (SDS), which includes an assessment of work-life, family-life, and
social life (no/mild impairment 0-3, moderate impairment 4-6, severe impairment 7-10)

ix. Bipolar disorder and current depressive episode as the primary source of the
patient's disability, according to both the subject and the psychiatrist

b. Exclusion Criteria for Group 3:

i. Significant structural brain lesion identified (e.g. infarct, hemorrhage, tumor,
multiple sclerosis)

ii. Progressive neurological disease such as neurodegenerative disease

iii. Preexisting implanted electrical device (such as pacemaker or cardiac
defibrillator)

iv. Contribution of any co-occurring psychiatric comorbidity that disproportionate to
the contribution of BDI or BDII, such as severe obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) or
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

v. Meets criteria for antisocial personality disorder

vi. Meets criteria for having borderline personality disorder

vii. There will be no exclusions based on prescribed CNS-active medications

viii. Tests positive for illegal substances or prescription medications for which they
do not have a valid prescription

ix. Meets DSM-V criteria for any alcohol and/or drug use disorder within the last 6
months, excluding the use of caffeine and/or nicotine

x. Active suicidal ideation with a plan or intent, a suicide attempt within past 6
months or more than 2 suicide attempts within the past 2 years

xi. Currently pregnant or planning to become pregnant

xii. Any other contraindications to the brain imaging procedures.