Etiology of Community Acquired Pneumonia

The following information will be collected: age, sex, occupation, hospital location at the
time of positive culture (ER, medical ward, ICU etc), date of positive culture, prior
hospitalization, receipt of outpatient dialysis, home care or other regular medical care (eg,
outpatient chemotherapy), presence of invasive devices, receipt of antibiotics, including
their type and whether they were adequate for the resistance profile of the organism, prior
positive microbiologic cultures, time and location of positive cultures, underlying diseases
and severity of illness, co-morbid illnesses, presence of urinary or intravascular devices,
recent immunomodulative therapies or radiation therapy, physical exam findings, laboratory
and radiographical data, antimicrobial usage within 30 days of onset of the infection,
microbiological data and resistance patterns, choice of antibiotics once organism identified,
bacteriological outcomes, laboratory results, demographic information, medications, clinical
outcome,gender, height, weight, ethnicity, and past medical history. We will collect
information retrospectively.

Inclusion Criteria:

- All patients with Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influencae, Mycoplasma
pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae and Legionella species infections during the time
period the study will be reviewed. A community-associated pneumonia isolate will be
defined as one which was recovered from a clinical culture from a patient at UPMC who
had no established risk factors for infection with an antibiotic resistant organism.
Established risk factors are defined as: Isolation of the organism two or more days
after admission for hospitalization OR history of hospitalization, surgery, dialysis,
or residence in a long-term care facility within one year before the culture date OR
The presence of an indwelling catheter or percutaneous medical device (eg,
tracheostomy tube, gastrostomy tube, or Foley catheter) at the time of the culture OR
Previous isolation of an antibiotic resistant organism.

Exclusion Criteria:

- Does not meet entry criteria