Natural History of Salivary Gland Dysfunction and Sjogren's Syndrome
| Status: | Completed |
|---|---|
| Conditions: | Other Indications, Lymphoma, Rheumatology |
| Therapuetic Areas: | Oncology, Rheumatology, Other |
| Healthy: | No |
| Age Range: | 4 - Any |
| Updated: | 3/24/2019 |
| Start Date: | April 9, 1999 |
| End Date: | November 29, 2017 |
This study will follow patients with salivary gland dysfunction to identify the long-term
course of this disorder and its effects on the mouth, oral function, and overall health.
Saliva is important in maintaining oral health and comfort. It moistens the mouth, lubricates
food for easier swallowing, provides enzymes needed to begin the digestive process and
promotes repair and cleansing of soft tissues of the mouth. Decreased salivary production or
changes in salivary composition may affect oral and systemic health and cause an increase in
tooth decay.
Patients 4 years of age and older with dry mouth symptoms and a diagnosis of primary,
secondary or incomplete Sj(SqrRoot)(Delta)gren s syndrome or salivary gland dysfunction due
to radiation may be eligible for this study. Candidates will be screened with a complete
medical and dental history and blood and saliva tests. Some patients will have a biopsy of
the minor salivary glands, usually from the lower lip, to confirm or rule out the diagnosis
of Sj(SqrRoot)(Delta)gren s syndrome and determine the extent of changes in the salivary
glands. (A biopsy is the surgical removal of a small piece of tissue for laboratory
examination.) The ability to taste and smell may also be evaluated, and patients may have an
ultrasound examination of their swallowing function.
Participants will have a general oral examination of the teeth and soft tissues of the mouth,
general physical examination, eye examination and blood tests and will fill out a
questionnaire on oral health and function. In addition, they will have the following tests
and procedures:
- Identification of possible fungal infection Patients rinse their mouth with 2 teaspoons
of a salt-water solution and spit it in a sterile container for laboratory examination.
If a fungal infection is detected, treatment will be offered.
- Unstimulated salivary function assessment Saliva production is measured by collecting
saliva samples through small suction cups connected to collection tubes over the
salivary gland ducts in the mouth.
- Stimulated salivary function assessment A sour-tasting liquid (2% citric acid) is
applied to the top and sides of the tongue at 30-second intervals to stimulation saliva
production while saliva is collected using the procedure described above.
- Identification of markers of precancerous lesions The salivary gland biopsy done at the
screening evaluation (or from outside sources) is examined for markers of precancerous
lesions, as about 5 percent of patients with Sj(SqrRoot)(Delta)gren's syndrome develop a
tumor called Non-Hodgkin s lymphoma. In some cases, the minor salivary glands may be
re-biopsied a few years after the screening biopsy.
Patients will be followed once a year with a comprehensive history and physical examination,
eye examination, full oral examination, salivary function assessment and questionnaires about
signs and symptoms of salivary gland dysfunction.
course of this disorder and its effects on the mouth, oral function, and overall health.
Saliva is important in maintaining oral health and comfort. It moistens the mouth, lubricates
food for easier swallowing, provides enzymes needed to begin the digestive process and
promotes repair and cleansing of soft tissues of the mouth. Decreased salivary production or
changes in salivary composition may affect oral and systemic health and cause an increase in
tooth decay.
Patients 4 years of age and older with dry mouth symptoms and a diagnosis of primary,
secondary or incomplete Sj(SqrRoot)(Delta)gren s syndrome or salivary gland dysfunction due
to radiation may be eligible for this study. Candidates will be screened with a complete
medical and dental history and blood and saliva tests. Some patients will have a biopsy of
the minor salivary glands, usually from the lower lip, to confirm or rule out the diagnosis
of Sj(SqrRoot)(Delta)gren s syndrome and determine the extent of changes in the salivary
glands. (A biopsy is the surgical removal of a small piece of tissue for laboratory
examination.) The ability to taste and smell may also be evaluated, and patients may have an
ultrasound examination of their swallowing function.
Participants will have a general oral examination of the teeth and soft tissues of the mouth,
general physical examination, eye examination and blood tests and will fill out a
questionnaire on oral health and function. In addition, they will have the following tests
and procedures:
- Identification of possible fungal infection Patients rinse their mouth with 2 teaspoons
of a salt-water solution and spit it in a sterile container for laboratory examination.
If a fungal infection is detected, treatment will be offered.
- Unstimulated salivary function assessment Saliva production is measured by collecting
saliva samples through small suction cups connected to collection tubes over the
salivary gland ducts in the mouth.
- Stimulated salivary function assessment A sour-tasting liquid (2% citric acid) is
applied to the top and sides of the tongue at 30-second intervals to stimulation saliva
production while saliva is collected using the procedure described above.
- Identification of markers of precancerous lesions The salivary gland biopsy done at the
screening evaluation (or from outside sources) is examined for markers of precancerous
lesions, as about 5 percent of patients with Sj(SqrRoot)(Delta)gren's syndrome develop a
tumor called Non-Hodgkin s lymphoma. In some cases, the minor salivary glands may be
re-biopsied a few years after the screening biopsy.
Patients will be followed once a year with a comprehensive history and physical examination,
eye examination, full oral examination, salivary function assessment and questionnaires about
signs and symptoms of salivary gland dysfunction.
Saliva plays a major role in maintaining oral health and comfort. Saliva is needed to moisten
the mouth, to lubricate food for easier swallowing, to protect oral hard and soft tissues, to
modulate oral microbial populations, to provide enzymes necessary to begin food breakdown for
digestion, and to promote soft tissue repair and oral cleansing. Therefore, salivary
dysfunction may result in numerous clinical conditions affecting oral and systemic health,
comfort and quality of life. In particular, we will focus on individuals with
Sj(SqrRoot)(Delta)gren's syndrome, an autoimmune exocrinopathy that primarily affects the
salivary and lacrimal glands. A number of unanswered questions remain concerning salivary
involvement in this disorder. These include the rate of progression of secretory dysfunction,
and related oral and systemic complications associated with xerostomia in autoimmune and
non-autoimmune diseases, and B-cell dysregulation. Also, more precise estimates of the
incidence of the lymphoma development are needed.
The purpose of this study is :1) to allow careful follow-up of patients with defined salivary
gland alterations so that the long term course and effects of Sj(SqrRoot)(Delta)gren's
syndrome (SS) on the oral cavity and systemic health in SS may be delineated; 2) to follow
the development and progression of B-cell dysregulation in SS; 3) to follow subjects to
establish whether those initially manifesting incomplete criteria for SS progress toward
fully meeting the criteria.; 4) to refine diagnostic tests for SS, and to determine whether
those subjects who meet the criteria for SS continue to do so; and 5) to develop intermediary
outcome measures for SS based on long term outcomes (loss of tears and loss of stimulated
salivary flow).
Patients will return every two years from the baseline visit for a full oral examination,
salivary function assessment, clinical laboratory studies, and questionnaires concerning
signs and symptoms of salivary gland dysfunction. These individuals will be patients with
Sj(SqrRoot)(Delta)gren's syndrome (SS), incomplete SS (patients who have some, but not all of
the criteria for SS) or radiation-induced salivary gland hypofunction. We anticipate that
many of these patients will also participate in therapeutic trials conducted within the
branch.
the mouth, to lubricate food for easier swallowing, to protect oral hard and soft tissues, to
modulate oral microbial populations, to provide enzymes necessary to begin food breakdown for
digestion, and to promote soft tissue repair and oral cleansing. Therefore, salivary
dysfunction may result in numerous clinical conditions affecting oral and systemic health,
comfort and quality of life. In particular, we will focus on individuals with
Sj(SqrRoot)(Delta)gren's syndrome, an autoimmune exocrinopathy that primarily affects the
salivary and lacrimal glands. A number of unanswered questions remain concerning salivary
involvement in this disorder. These include the rate of progression of secretory dysfunction,
and related oral and systemic complications associated with xerostomia in autoimmune and
non-autoimmune diseases, and B-cell dysregulation. Also, more precise estimates of the
incidence of the lymphoma development are needed.
The purpose of this study is :1) to allow careful follow-up of patients with defined salivary
gland alterations so that the long term course and effects of Sj(SqrRoot)(Delta)gren's
syndrome (SS) on the oral cavity and systemic health in SS may be delineated; 2) to follow
the development and progression of B-cell dysregulation in SS; 3) to follow subjects to
establish whether those initially manifesting incomplete criteria for SS progress toward
fully meeting the criteria.; 4) to refine diagnostic tests for SS, and to determine whether
those subjects who meet the criteria for SS continue to do so; and 5) to develop intermediary
outcome measures for SS based on long term outcomes (loss of tears and loss of stimulated
salivary flow).
Patients will return every two years from the baseline visit for a full oral examination,
salivary function assessment, clinical laboratory studies, and questionnaires concerning
signs and symptoms of salivary gland dysfunction. These individuals will be patients with
Sj(SqrRoot)(Delta)gren's syndrome (SS), incomplete SS (patients who have some, but not all of
the criteria for SS) or radiation-induced salivary gland hypofunction. We anticipate that
many of these patients will also participate in therapeutic trials conducted within the
branch.
- INCLUSION CRITERIA:
Male and female subjects.
All subjects will have first participated in screening protocol 84-D-0056 to confirm their
diagnosis and assess salivary function.
Subjects must have dry mouth symptoms (xerostomia) and a diagnosis of primary or secondary
SS, incomplete SS, or radiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction (as determined in
protocol 84-D-0056).
Diagnostic criteria for SS are the American-European Consensus Group Classification
Criteria: For primary Sjogren s syndrome, any 4 of the 6 criteria, must include item IV
(Histopathology) or VI (Auto-antibodies) or any 3 of the 4 objective criteria (III, IV, V,
VI). For secondary Sjogren s syndrome, must have established connective tissue disease, one
symptom (I or II) plus 2 of the 3 objective criteria (III, IV, VI).
Ocular symptoms (at least one)
Daily persistent dry eyes for greater than 3 months?
Recurrent sensation of sand or gravel in the eyes?
Use of tear substitutes greater than 3 x/day?
Oral symptoms (at least one)
Daily feeling of dry Mouth greater than 3 months
Recurrent or persistently swollen salivary glands as an adult?
Frequently drink liquids to aid in swallowing dry foods?
Ocular signs (at least one)
Schirmer s test, (without anesthesia) greater than or equal to 5mm/5 minutes
Positive vital dye staining (van Bijsterveld greater than or equal to 4)
Histopathology: Lip biopsy showing focal lymphocytic sialadenitis (focus score greater or
equal to 1 per 4mm squared)
Oral signs (at least one)
Unstimulated whole salivary flow (greater or equal to 1.5 ml in 15 minutes)
Abnormal parotid sialography
Abnormal salivary scintigraphy
Auto-antibodies (at least one)
Anti-SSA (Ro) or Anti-SSB (La)
EXCLUSION CRITERIA FOR DIAGNOSIS OF SS:
Past head and neck radiation treatment
Hepatitis C infection
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Pre-existing lymphoma
Sarcoidosis
Graft versus host disease
Current use of anticholinergic drugs
EXCLUSION CRITERIA:
Failure to complete evaluation procedures as specified in 84-D-0056.
Diagnosis of drug-related xerostomia.
Age less than 4 years.
There are no exclusions based on gender, race, or ethnicity. Salivary gland dysfunction is
uncommon in children and exceedingly rare in those less than 4 years old. Additionally, the
evaluation method described in the protocol cannot be used in this age group.
ULTRASOUND GUIDED CORE NEEDLE BIOPSY OF THE PAROTID GLAND
Adult subjects already enrolled in this protocol and healthy volunteers will be eligible
for this research procedure if they fulfill the criteria below and sign the parotid biopsy
consent form. Healthy volunteers will be recruited only for the ultrasound guided core
needle biospy of the parotid gland. They will sign the parotid biopsy consent form only.
INCLUSION CRITERIA:
Age 18 years or older.
Ability to give informed consent.
EXCLUSION CRITERIA:
History of bleeding diathesis or the current use of anticoagulants.
Any uncontrolled or severe chronic disease.
We found this trial at
1
site
9000 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, Maryland 20892
Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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