Hypertonia in Patients With Cerebral Palsy
| Status: | Completed |
|---|---|
| Conditions: | Neurology |
| Therapuetic Areas: | Neurology |
| Healthy: | No |
| Age Range: | 6 - Any |
| Updated: | 4/21/2016 |
| Start Date: | July 2005 |
This study will classify types of hypertonia in patients with cerebral palsy and determine
if the classifications are reasonable in relation to the functional task of walking.
Hypertonia is an abnormal increase in muscle tension. It is a common symptom of cerebral
palsy that can lead to loss of function and deformity. This study may help scientists
improve evaluation criteria for hypertonia and, ultimately, treatment results.
Patients with cerebral palsy who are older than 6 years of age may be eligible for this
study. Candidates are screened with a medical history and clinical evaluation.
Participants are asked to walk in the lab while cameras record their movement. During this
test, subjects wear a t-shirt and shorts with their arms and legs wrapped with a soft,
rubber-like material. A piece of firm material is attached to the rubber sleeves and small
plastic reflective balls are attached to the firm material. Balls may also be attached to
the skin, using an adhesive. With the balls in place, the subject walks several times while
cameras record the positions of the balls. In addition, small metal electrodes attached to
the skin with an adhesive measure the electrical activity in the muscles.
After the walking test is completed, subjects' leg muscle strength is measured with a
special device while they perform three activities. First, they sit on a special chair with
their leg and foot placed in an apparatus that measures their strength, then lie on their
back, then on their stomach, and then stand on one foot holding a bar to balance during part
of one activity. During the activities, their reflexes are tested, they are asked to move
their legs, and their legs are moved for them.
if the classifications are reasonable in relation to the functional task of walking.
Hypertonia is an abnormal increase in muscle tension. It is a common symptom of cerebral
palsy that can lead to loss of function and deformity. This study may help scientists
improve evaluation criteria for hypertonia and, ultimately, treatment results.
Patients with cerebral palsy who are older than 6 years of age may be eligible for this
study. Candidates are screened with a medical history and clinical evaluation.
Participants are asked to walk in the lab while cameras record their movement. During this
test, subjects wear a t-shirt and shorts with their arms and legs wrapped with a soft,
rubber-like material. A piece of firm material is attached to the rubber sleeves and small
plastic reflective balls are attached to the firm material. Balls may also be attached to
the skin, using an adhesive. With the balls in place, the subject walks several times while
cameras record the positions of the balls. In addition, small metal electrodes attached to
the skin with an adhesive measure the electrical activity in the muscles.
After the walking test is completed, subjects' leg muscle strength is measured with a
special device while they perform three activities. First, they sit on a special chair with
their leg and foot placed in an apparatus that measures their strength, then lie on their
back, then on their stomach, and then stand on one foot holding a bar to balance during part
of one activity. During the activities, their reflexes are tested, they are asked to move
their legs, and their legs are moved for them.
Cerebral palsy (CP) affects 0.25% of newborn babies in the U.S. alone each year. Hypertonia
(increased joint resistance to externally imposed motion) is a common symptom that limits
function in this patient population. It may originate in spasticity, dystonia or rigidity or
may be a combination of all these factors. Surgical, rehabilitation and pharmacotherapeutic
methods are used to improve functional outcome in patients with cerebral palsy. These
treatments are not always effective, and the amount of improvement is difficult to predict.
The choice of treatment is based on clinical tests that are not objective, especially in
children, and they do not allow for differentiation between various causes of increased
joint resistance. As a result, ineffective treatments are offered to patients with different
types of movement disorders. The complex torque devices used in research facilities to
quantify the resistance of a joint cannot be easily applied in clinical settings. In
previous studies, a portable measurement method was developed based on a hand-held force
transducer, which allowed for the quantification of biomechanical and bioelectrical
characteristics of resistance of a knee joint at different velocities. Using this method, we
found different types of hypertonia that had not been previously reported in patients with
cerebral palsy. It is not clear to what degree hypertonia restricts an ability to execute
selected functional tasks, due in part to the considerable variability in patients with CP.
If this variability could be decreased, the relationship between restricted ability and the
different types of hypertonia would be easier to determine. Strong arguments exist to
consider different pathophysiologies in these different types of hypertonia.
The aim of this non-invasive study is to sub-classify patients with CP based on the type of
knee hypertonia, and to determine if the classification is valid during the functional tasks
of walking. When validated, it can serve as a predictive model for the relationship between
the clinical evaluation at bedside and functional outcome.
To classify hypertonia, the resistance of a knee joint at different velocities in knee
flexion and extension and the maximum activation of stretched and shortened muscles are
measured with a hand-held force transducer, an electrogoniometer, and surface electrodes in
100 patients with CP. The strength of velocity-dependent hypertonia during passive stretch
and position, and/or velocity thresholds will be calculated. The knee extension and flexion
muscles will be classified bilaterally as normal, or as one of the four types based on the
pattern of activation of stretched muscles. To determine the impact of other impairments on
the function, the maximum isometric knee flexion and extension strength and the monosynaptic
reflexes of the rectus femoris muscle will be measured.
At the functional level, we will evaluate knee motion during walking. To determine the
impact of hypertonia on function, the Spearman R correlation will be used to analyze data in
patients within the same class. To determine if the classification holds during walking, the
Cronbach's alpha coefficient will be calculated. The significance of differences will be
tested at the level of significance alpha less than or equal to 0.05.
It is expected that as a result of this study, better criteria for classifying patients into
predictable categories correlated to specific therapeutic responses will be established. In
the future, the improvement of differential diagnoses with quantitative methods will
increase the effectiveness of treatment by customizing the needs of each patient.
(increased joint resistance to externally imposed motion) is a common symptom that limits
function in this patient population. It may originate in spasticity, dystonia or rigidity or
may be a combination of all these factors. Surgical, rehabilitation and pharmacotherapeutic
methods are used to improve functional outcome in patients with cerebral palsy. These
treatments are not always effective, and the amount of improvement is difficult to predict.
The choice of treatment is based on clinical tests that are not objective, especially in
children, and they do not allow for differentiation between various causes of increased
joint resistance. As a result, ineffective treatments are offered to patients with different
types of movement disorders. The complex torque devices used in research facilities to
quantify the resistance of a joint cannot be easily applied in clinical settings. In
previous studies, a portable measurement method was developed based on a hand-held force
transducer, which allowed for the quantification of biomechanical and bioelectrical
characteristics of resistance of a knee joint at different velocities. Using this method, we
found different types of hypertonia that had not been previously reported in patients with
cerebral palsy. It is not clear to what degree hypertonia restricts an ability to execute
selected functional tasks, due in part to the considerable variability in patients with CP.
If this variability could be decreased, the relationship between restricted ability and the
different types of hypertonia would be easier to determine. Strong arguments exist to
consider different pathophysiologies in these different types of hypertonia.
The aim of this non-invasive study is to sub-classify patients with CP based on the type of
knee hypertonia, and to determine if the classification is valid during the functional tasks
of walking. When validated, it can serve as a predictive model for the relationship between
the clinical evaluation at bedside and functional outcome.
To classify hypertonia, the resistance of a knee joint at different velocities in knee
flexion and extension and the maximum activation of stretched and shortened muscles are
measured with a hand-held force transducer, an electrogoniometer, and surface electrodes in
100 patients with CP. The strength of velocity-dependent hypertonia during passive stretch
and position, and/or velocity thresholds will be calculated. The knee extension and flexion
muscles will be classified bilaterally as normal, or as one of the four types based on the
pattern of activation of stretched muscles. To determine the impact of other impairments on
the function, the maximum isometric knee flexion and extension strength and the monosynaptic
reflexes of the rectus femoris muscle will be measured.
At the functional level, we will evaluate knee motion during walking. To determine the
impact of hypertonia on function, the Spearman R correlation will be used to analyze data in
patients within the same class. To determine if the classification holds during walking, the
Cronbach's alpha coefficient will be calculated. The significance of differences will be
tested at the level of significance alpha less than or equal to 0.05.
It is expected that as a result of this study, better criteria for classifying patients into
predictable categories correlated to specific therapeutic responses will be established. In
the future, the improvement of differential diagnoses with quantitative methods will
increase the effectiveness of treatment by customizing the needs of each patient.
- INCLUSION CRITERIA:
This study will include children and adult patients with cerebral palsy, patients with
dystonia, and able-bodied children older than 6 years of age. Each patient must meet the
following criteria:
The patient must have a diagnosis of cerebral palsy or dystonia
The patient must be able to follow the instructions to successfully complete the testing
The patient must be properly motivated and willing to do the tasks.
The patient must be older than 6 years
The patient must score a 2 or 3 on the walking subsection of the Gross Motor Function
Classification System (GMFCS).
The patient must cease taking medications known to affect spasticity at least 48 hours
before the first investigation; however, if any antispasticity medication is longstanding
and stable it should be maintained during the entire study.
EXCLUSION CRITERIA:
Inability of the patient to follow the instructions to accomplish the task.
Structural deformities at the level of a knee joint.
If patients are unable to complete all the tasks or conditions they can still be enrolled
to complete part of the study.
We found this trial at
1
site
9000 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, Maryland 20892
Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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