Effectiveness of Cognitive Therapy for Suicide Attempters With Drug Dependence Disorder

Suicide attempts involving drug abuse are a major public health problem. Development of
interventions that focus on reducing the suicide attempt rate among drug abusers is a
necessity. There is a strong connection between drug abuse and both suicide attempts and
completed suicide. As much as 45% of drug abusers have attempted suicide at least once. The
rate of completed suicide among drug abusers has been reported to be as much as 30 times the
rate for the general population. Unfortunately, there is a lack of empirically supported
treatments for reducing suicidal behavior in drug abusers. This study will develop and
evaluate the effectiveness of a cognitive therapy intervention for people with a drug
dependence disorder who recently attempted suicide.

Participants in this single-blind study will be randomly assigned to one of two treatment
groups: cognitive therapy combined with enriched usual care; or enriched usual care alone.
An initial baseline assessment will occur within 7 days following the participant's suicide
attempt and subsequent medical evaluation at a hospital emergency department. Suicide
behavior and ideation, depression, hopelessness, and addiction severity will be assessed.
Following the baseline assessment, treatment will begin. The cognitive therapy treatment
will be specifically developed to prevent suicide attempts. It will involve the
identification of proximal thoughts, images, and core beliefs that were activated prior to
the suicide attempt. Cognitive and behavioral strategies will be applied to address the
identified thoughts and beliefs. Patients will also learn adaptive ways of coping with
stressors. The enriched usual care will entail standard treatments for suicide prevention.
Study visits will occur 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months following enrollment. Baseline
measurements will be repeated at each study visit to evaluate participants' improvement.
Participants receiving cognitive therapy will attend approximately 10 weekly or bi-weekly
outpatient study visits. Participation will last for 2 years.

For information on a related study, please follow this link:

http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00149773

Inclusion Criteria:

- Recent suicide attempt with an emergency department visit within 48 hours of the
attempt (suicide attempt is considered to be a potentially self-injurious behavior
with a nonfatal outcome for which there is evidence, either explicit or implicit,
that the individual intended to kill himself or herself)

- Current DSM-IV diagnosis of a current drug dependence disorder within the past 6
months

Exclusion Criteria:

- Self-mutilating behavior without intent to commit suicide

- An acute, unstable, or severe Axis III disorder that may affect participation