Comprehensive Support for Alzheimer's Disease Caregivers

Although a range of studies have examined the stress and depression of family caregivers of
persons suffering from dementia, the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions to assist
caregiving families and their disabled elderly relatives is uncertain. The comprehensive
support protocol to be implemented, the Enhanced Counseling and Support (ECS) program, has
been successfully implemented at the Silberstein Aging and Dementia Research Center of New
York University School of Medicine (NYU-ADRC) over the past 19 years. However, the initial
evaluation of the ECS was limited to a single geographic area (New York City proper) and a
specific type of dementia caregiver (spouses).

The specific aims of this 4-year project are as follows: 1) Examine whether the ECS can
achieve positive outcomes for adult child caregivers. Few psychosocial interventions are
directed specifically at adult child caregivers, and evaluating the ECS in adult child
caregiving situations, which few studies have done, will further demonstrate the
effectiveness of this program and add considerably to the AD caregiver intervention
literature; and 2) Determine if the ECS, an intervention of proven efficacy for AD caregivers
in a northern U.S. urban community (New York City), will also be effective in alleviating
negative outcomes among AD caregivers at a Midwestern project site. The study will ascertain
whether the comprehensive support program developed at NYU is generalizable to caregivers
from areas other than the New York City area and leads to similar benefits that are
maintained over long periods of time (i.e., up to 3.5 years).

In order to accomplish the specific aims of the project, the following study hypotheses have
been proposed:

1. Adult child caregivers in the treatment conditions of the University of Minnesota (UM)
and NYU-ADRC will report similar decreases on measures of stress when compared to
usual-contact controls;

2. Adult child caregivers in the intervention conditions at both sites will develop
improved social support resources and experience significantly greater decreases of
family conflict in a similar manner;

3. Adult child caregivers in the treatment conditions at UM and NYU-ADRC will report
similar decreases on global measures of psychological distress, such as depression.
Similarly, treatment caregivers will report greater increases in subjective health than
their counterparts in the usual-contact control; and

4. Membership in the treatment condition of the ECS and its benefits (e.g., increased
social support, decreased stress) will lead to delayed institutionalization (e.g.,
nursing home placement) of care recipients at the UM and NYU-ADC sites.

Inclusion Criteria:

- Participant (i.e., adult child) must be the 'primary' caregiver of the patient with a
diagnosis of dementia (i.e., the first person called if the patient is in need of
help) at the time of the baseline interview

- Must be a daughter, son, daughter-in-law, or son-in-law of the patient

- Patient must live in the community (i.e., at home, with the caregiver, with other
relatives)

- Sees the individual with dementia once a week or more

Exclusion Criteria:

- Unable to understand or speak English comfortably

- Inadequate hearing

- Unwilling to participate in the study or sign the consent form

- Suffered from or received treatment for an emotional or psychological disorder, such
as depression, anxiety, or some other type of psychotic episode, within the past 6
months

- Not physically able to participate

- Received counseling for problems arising as a caregiver