Rapid HIV Testing and Counseling in Drug Abuse Treatment

This is a randomized controlled clinical trial in which individuals receiving drug abuse
treatment will be recruited to participate in a multi-center HIV testing and counseling
study. The purpose of this study is to assess the relative effectiveness of three HIV
testing strategies on increasing receipt of HIV test results: (1) on-site HIV rapid testing
with brief, participant-tailored prevention counseling, (2) on-site HIV rapid testing with
information only, and (3) referral for off-site HIV testing. The study will also assess the
effectiveness of the three testing strategies in reducing HIV sexual risk behaviors.
Injection drug risk behavior will be a secondary outcome. Participants will complete a
baseline assessment to report their demographics, HIV testing history and sexual and
drug-using risk behaviors, and will be randomized to one of three groups. At one month
post-randomization, participants will complete a follow-up assessment to determine whether
or not they received their HIV test results. At six months post-randomization, participants
will complete a follow-up assessment to assess any changes in their HIV sexual risk
behaviors.

Inclusion Criteria:

- At least 18 years of age

- HIV-negative or HIV status unknown

- No receipt of results from HIV test initiated within last 12 months

- Be able to communicate in English