Managing Recurrent Abdominal Pain

Recurrent Abdominal Pain (RAP) is one of many disorders in adults and children for which
there is no identifiable organic or physiological cause, yet which is associated with
illness behavior that has significant societal and personal costs. Although 10-15% of
children have RAP, there is at present no accepted medical or behavioral treatment for it.
We have conducted a series of studies that suggests that illness behavior is, at least in
part, learned during childhood when parents model sick role behavior or respond to their
children's somatic complaints in a way that encourages or reinforces sick role behavior. The
goal of this project is to evaluate the efficacy of a social learning and cognitive behavior
therapy approach for treating children with RAP.

The study is a randomized clinical trial. Children with RAP are assigned to one of two
treatment conditions: 1) a social learning and cognitive behavior therapy condition (SLCBT)
or 2) an education and support condition (ES). The SLCBT protocol teaches parents and
children cognitive-behavioral methods such as relaxation and coping for managing RAP pain
and stress. Patients and parents in the ES condition receive educational information
regarding nutrition and the gastrointestinal system. Both treatment arms consist of three
sessions with a mental health professional, each one week apart.

Study families are recruited from physicians in the community and through community flyers
and newsletters. Outcome measures are collected at baseline, end of treatment, and at
follow-up evaluations conducted three, six and 12 months later. Measures are designed to
assess: RAP symptoms, health care utilization, psychological symptoms, school absences,
functional disabilities, and family stress).

Primary Hypothesis: Children in the SLCBT condition will exhibit a greater decrease in
symptoms of RAP and related maladaptive behaviors and cognitions than children in a
comparison condition.

Inclusion Criteria:

- child experienced at least 3 episodes of abdominal pain over a 3-month period which
affected his/her activities

- primary caregiver willing and able to complete questionnaires

- child aged 7-17

- child has lived with the primary caregiver full-time for at least the past 5 years
and for at least half of his/her lifetime

Exclusion Criteria:

- positive physical or laboratory findings which would explain the child's abdominal
pain

- chronic disease

- major surgery in past year

- developmental disabilities that require full-time special education or impair ability
to respond

- inability to comprehend English