Hypotension in Neonates

An estimated 30-50 percent of infants born at or near term who require ventilation for
respiratory failure also receive therapy for hypotension and associated clinical instability,
such as poor urine output, poor circulation to the tissues, and metabolic acidosis (a pH
imbalance in which the body accumulates too much acid). Emerging evidence, although limited,
suggests that the underlying cause of hypotension in many of these infants is that their
adrenal glands do not produce adequate amounts of cortisol.

This observational study is to determine the current incidence and management of hypotension
in infants born at least 34 0/7 weeks gestation who are intubated and mechanically ventilated
at less than 72 hours of age. The goal is to define a target population for a potential
randomized controlled trial for the treatment of hypotension in such infants.

In this study, 16 NICHD Neonatal Research Network centers are enrolling at least 50 infants
each, collecting basic demographic and baseline data on the mother and baby. In those infants
treated for hypotension, data is collected on the dose, duration, and type of therapy, age
and blood pressure at the time therapy is started, and the indication for the therapy.

Inclusion Criteria:

- ≥34 0/7 weeks gestational age

- Intubated and mechanically ventilated within 72 hours of postnatal age

Exclusion Criteria:

- major congenital heart disease

- acute hypotension resulting directly from known acute maternal and/or fetal hemorrhage
within 24 hours prior to delivery

- pituitary hypoplasia

- congenital adrenal hyperplasia

- known chromosomal disorders