Bone Microarchitecture in Women With and Without Fracture

Osteoporosis is a common disorder of compromised bone strength causing 40-50% of women and
~25% of men to sustain fragility fractures during their lifetime. The reduction of bone
strength in osteoporotic people results from loss of bone density and deterioration of bone
quality. Bone quality is a complex amalgamation including macro- and micro-architecture,
mineralization, turnover and damage accumulation. Currently, medications to reduce fracture
risk are prescribed primarily on the basis of bone mineral density (BMD) measurement.
Unfortunately, currently available BMD measurement technologies do not detect the
aforementioned properties of bone quality; as such, less than half of individuals who
sustain osteoporotic fractures are classified as "osteoporotic" by currently available
diagnostic tools. Clearly, measures to enhance identification of those at high fracture risk
are needed. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) technology, such as that
provided by MicroMRI, Inc., has outstanding potential to be such a tool. Therefore, our
long-term goal is to evaluate and optimize the use of HR-MRI in fracture risk prediction;
this pilot work is an essential step in attaining this goal.

This research will investigate 72 postmenopausal women with normal or osteopenic BMD by
dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), 36 with prior low-trauma fractures will be compared
with 36 age-, race- and BMD matched women without fracture. We hypothesize that 1.) Women
with fractures will have evidence of microarchitectural deterioration on HR-MRI and 2.)
Newly developed, more rapid MRI sequences designed at the UW will provide similar trabecular
microstructure information more rapidly than the currently used, albeit investigational,
technology produced by MicroMRI, Inc.

Our specific aims are to a) Evaluate differences in MicroMRI parameters of trabecular
microstructure (bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, surface/curve ratio and erosion
index) between age-, race- and BMD-matched postmenopausal women with and without fracture;
b.) Correlate T2* relaxation time (a rapid indirect MRI measure of trabecular density and
microstructure) with BMD measured by DXA, and microstructural parameters measured by
MicroMRI. As an exploratory aim we will investigate HR-MRI parameters of trabecular
microstructure obtained using a newly developed, rapid MRI sequence referred to as IDEAL-FSE
with parameters obtained using the currently available MicroMRI, Inc. sequence.