Habituation to Food as a Risk Factor for Pediatric Obesity

Cross sectional data have shown slower habituation is related to greater energy intake, and
habituation is slower for overweight/obese compared to leaner youth, but it is not known
whether this is a result of being overweight, or whether slower habituation is a risk factor
for weight gain. The goal of this application is to study individual differences in
behavioral (responding for food) habituation as risk factors for alterations in zBMI and
body fat over a two year period in 200, 8 to 12 year-old non-overweight children. This
project will provide the first test of the hypothesis that slow habituation to food is a
risk factor for increases in zBMI in non-overweight youth.

Inclusion Criteria:

- 8-12 years of age

- Participants will include children who are at the 50th BMI percentile and less than
the 85th BMI percentile (BMI = kg/m2) at baseline. We will also include children who
are below the 50th percentile, but have at least one biological parent with a current
BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2.

Exclusion Criteria:

- Food allergies or special diets: Youth should have no dietary restrictions that could
interfere with these experiments, including food allergies or religious or ethnic
practices that limit food choice or medical conditions which alter nutritional status
or intestinal absorption (e.g. inflammatory bowel disease).

- Activity restrictions: Children who have activity restrictions due to medical or
physical problems, such as uncontrolled exercise induced asthma or a disability
requiring wheelchair use will not participate.

- Psychopathology, medications or sickness: Children should have no psychopathology
(e.g. childhood schizophrenia) or developmental disabilities that would limit
participation. Children will also be excluded if they are taking medications that
could affect their level of activity or appetite (e.g. methylphenidate).

- Moderate or greater liking of study foods. Children must report at least a moderate
liking ( 3 or greater on a 5-point Likert-type scale) of the foods used in these
studies and be willing to consume them.