Promoting Sleep to Prevent Substance Use in Adolescence

The goal is to adapt and refine an innovative, developmentally-appropriate universal health
promotion intervention to reduce insufficient sleep among adolescents aged 14 to 16, while
engaging teens in the adaptation process to maximize the relevance, appeal, and
effectiveness of the program for diverse school settings.

The investigators aim to conduct a pilot feasibility randomized controlled trial (RCT) among
adolescents (n = 300) who will be randomized to Sleep Fitness (SF) or Sleep Education (SE)
to obtain effect size estimates in preparation for a larger scale intervention study. This
pilot trial is designed to obtain preliminary data for the following hypotheses:

SF, compared to SE, will produce greater pre-post improvement in sleep after treatment and
at 6 month follow-up (with the possibility of a 12 month follow-up for a subset of
participants, depending on resources).

SF, compared to SE, will produce greater pre-post reductions in substance use after
treatment and at 6 month follow-up (with the possibility of a 12 month follow-up for a
subset of participants, depending on resources).

SF, compared to SE, will produce greater pre-post improvement on selected mental health
outcomes (anxiety, depression) after treatment and at 6 month follow-up (with the
possibility of a 12 month follow-up for a subset of participants, depending on resources).

Inclusion and exclusion criteria are considered at the level of schools, classes, and
students.

Inclusion Criteria:

- Schools: Only general education high schools, not "newcomer" schools that target
immigrants with limited English ability. Our rationale is that we need students to
read and understand English well enough to complete our study measures and understand
the intervention.

- Classes: After the selection of schools, we will select classes that are
representative of the school, insofar as they do not reflect Advanced Placement or
remedial classes and utilize similar criteria for admission to the classes (e.g.
health, advisory) so that we minimize differences between the classes in the study.

- Students: All participants must receive parental consent, provide their own consent,
and must have sufficient English language ability

Exclusion Criteria:

- We propose no exclusion criteria for students who receive parental consent, provide
their own assent, and have sufficient English language ability.