Effect of Chromium Picolinate on Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes
| Status: | Completed |
|---|---|
| Conditions: | Diabetes |
| Therapuetic Areas: | Endocrinology |
| Healthy: | No |
| Age Range: | 25 - Any |
| Updated: | 4/21/2016 |
| Start Date: | October 2003 |
| End Date: | June 2009 |
Chromium and Insulin Action
The effect of Chromium to improve glucose levels in diabetes is controversial. The
hypothesis of the study was to evaluate the effect of supplementing the diet of individuals
with Type 2 diabetes with chromium picolinate and assessing the effect of the
supplementation on insulin sensitivity as assessed with hyperinsulinemic clamps
hypothesis of the study was to evaluate the effect of supplementing the diet of individuals
with Type 2 diabetes with chromium picolinate and assessing the effect of the
supplementation on insulin sensitivity as assessed with hyperinsulinemic clamps
Detailed Description:
The primary clinical strategy to improve metabolic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes
consists of lifestyle modification combined with pharmacologic intervention. However,
alternative strategies, e.g. nutritional supplementation with over-the-counter agents, are
extensively practiced by a large number of patients and are frequently undertaken without
first informing the medical provider. Unfortunately, considerable controversy exists
regarding use of dietary supplements in subjects with diabetes because efficacy data for
many of the supplements consists of only uncontrolled studies and anecdotal reports. As
such, there is a paucity of data in humans in regard to the effect of most commercially
available supplements to improve metabolic abnormalities.
One supplement that has attracted considerable clinical interest is chromium (Cr). However,
routine use of Cr in subjects with diabetes is not currently recommended. In part, the
controversy surrounding Cr supplementation stems from the lack of definitive randomized
trials, the lack of "gold standard" techniques to assess glucose metabolism in the studies
reported, the use of differing doses and formulation , and the study of heterogeneous study
populations. As such, conflicting data has been reported that has contributed greatly to the
confusion among healthcare providers concerning Cr supplementation. In order to provide a
comprehensive clinical evaluation of Cr, we conducted a randomized, double-blinded,
placebo-controlled trial in subjects with Type 2 diabetes. Individuals had baseline measures
consisting of oral glucose tolerance testing, body fat and adiposity assessed, and then used
established techniques to assess insulin sensitivity with hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic
clamps. Individuals were evaluated for 6 months at which time repeat testing was done.
The primary clinical strategy to improve metabolic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes
consists of lifestyle modification combined with pharmacologic intervention. However,
alternative strategies, e.g. nutritional supplementation with over-the-counter agents, are
extensively practiced by a large number of patients and are frequently undertaken without
first informing the medical provider. Unfortunately, considerable controversy exists
regarding use of dietary supplements in subjects with diabetes because efficacy data for
many of the supplements consists of only uncontrolled studies and anecdotal reports. As
such, there is a paucity of data in humans in regard to the effect of most commercially
available supplements to improve metabolic abnormalities.
One supplement that has attracted considerable clinical interest is chromium (Cr). However,
routine use of Cr in subjects with diabetes is not currently recommended. In part, the
controversy surrounding Cr supplementation stems from the lack of definitive randomized
trials, the lack of "gold standard" techniques to assess glucose metabolism in the studies
reported, the use of differing doses and formulation , and the study of heterogeneous study
populations. As such, conflicting data has been reported that has contributed greatly to the
confusion among healthcare providers concerning Cr supplementation. In order to provide a
comprehensive clinical evaluation of Cr, we conducted a randomized, double-blinded,
placebo-controlled trial in subjects with Type 2 diabetes. Individuals had baseline measures
consisting of oral glucose tolerance testing, body fat and adiposity assessed, and then used
established techniques to assess insulin sensitivity with hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic
clamps. Individuals were evaluated for 6 months at which time repeat testing was done.
Inclusion Criteria:
- Type 2 diabetes
- On no meds to alter glucose metabolism
- age greater than 25 years old
- Fasting glucose greater than 125 mg/dl at screening
Exclusion Criteria:
- Subjects on insulin
- Sujbects on meds that alter glucose metabolism
- Use of glitazones
- C0-existing disorders in major organ systems such as heart, kidneys, liver
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