Identification of Prostate Cancer Genes
| Status: | Completed |
|---|---|
| Conditions: | Prostate Cancer, Cancer |
| Therapuetic Areas: | Oncology |
| Healthy: | No |
| Age Range: | 18 - 100 |
| Updated: | 8/3/2018 |
| Start Date: | November 8, 2004 |
| End Date: | July 30, 2018 |
Genetic Analysis of Cases, Controls, and Families With Prostate Cancer
This study will identify genes that predispose men to prostate cancer and affect the rate and
type of disease spread, the aggressiveness of the disease, and the long-term outcome. Several
studies show there is a genetic component to prostate cancer susceptibility, and that a
first-degree relative with prostate cancer increases a man's risk 2- to 3-fold compared to
those without a family history. The risk is significantly higher if the relative was
diagnosed at younger than 65 years of age, or if three or more first-degree relatives are
affected.
The study will try to locate prostate cancer genes in DNA samples using two methods: linkage
analysis and association studies. Traditionally, the search for a disease gene begins with
linkage analysis, in which the aim is to find the rough location of the gene relative to
another DNA sequence, called a "genetic marker," whose position is already known. In genetic
association studies, genes from a large number of patients are compared with healthy controls
who are matched by age, race, and geographic region.
DNA samples for this study come from patients in the two following studies at the Fred
Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington:
Family study: Participants are families with prostate cancer who have: 1) three or more
first-degree relatives with prostate cancer; 2) three generations with prostrate cancer
either through the maternal or paternal side of the family; or 3) two first-degree relatives
with prostate cancer diagnosed before age 65 or who were African American.
Population-based study: Participants are patients with prostate cancer and matched healthy
control subjects.
The identification of prostate cancer genes important in susceptibility to the disease and
its aggressiveness may permit earlier detection and development of more directed and
effective treatments based on underlying genetics.
type of disease spread, the aggressiveness of the disease, and the long-term outcome. Several
studies show there is a genetic component to prostate cancer susceptibility, and that a
first-degree relative with prostate cancer increases a man's risk 2- to 3-fold compared to
those without a family history. The risk is significantly higher if the relative was
diagnosed at younger than 65 years of age, or if three or more first-degree relatives are
affected.
The study will try to locate prostate cancer genes in DNA samples using two methods: linkage
analysis and association studies. Traditionally, the search for a disease gene begins with
linkage analysis, in which the aim is to find the rough location of the gene relative to
another DNA sequence, called a "genetic marker," whose position is already known. In genetic
association studies, genes from a large number of patients are compared with healthy controls
who are matched by age, race, and geographic region.
DNA samples for this study come from patients in the two following studies at the Fred
Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington:
Family study: Participants are families with prostate cancer who have: 1) three or more
first-degree relatives with prostate cancer; 2) three generations with prostrate cancer
either through the maternal or paternal side of the family; or 3) two first-degree relatives
with prostate cancer diagnosed before age 65 or who were African American.
Population-based study: Participants are patients with prostate cancer and matched healthy
control subjects.
The identification of prostate cancer genes important in susceptibility to the disease and
its aggressiveness may permit earlier detection and development of more directed and
effective treatments based on underlying genetics.
The notion that there are prostate cancer susceptibility genes has since been suggested by
case-control, cohort and twin studies. The effect is strongest among first-degree relatives,
where the relative risk estimates range from 1.7 to 3.7. Families reporting younger ages at
diagnosis and multiple relatives with prostate cancer were demonstrated even higher relative
risks. For example, compared to men with no family history, men with three or more
first-degree relatives with prostate cancer have almost an 11-fold increased risk. Although
the majority of studies focused on Caucasians, similar elevations in risk associated with a
family history of disease have been reported for Asian and African Americans. While the
majority of the data seems to point towards autosomal dominant genes, evidence for an
X-linked or recessive inheritance has also been reported.
During the last decade, others and we have been devoted to the search for hereditary prostate
cancer (HPC) loci either by linkage or by association with candidate genes. A generally
agreed upon definition of HPC families now exists. These are families in which there is
either: 1) prostate cancer in three or more first-degree relatives; 2) prostate cancer in
three successive generations; or 3) a cluster of two relatives diagnosed at less than or
equal to 55 years.
Armed with these criteria, others and we have collected large data sets of likely hereditary
families and undertaken genome wide scans. However, locus heterogeneity issues have made the
task difficult. There are clearly many genes that contribute to prostate cancer
susceptibility, and many are likely to be weakly penetrant. We have stratified the data
derived from our genome scan by a number of likely factors such as age at diagnosis, number
of affected men, founder effects aggressiveness of disease, and presence of other cancers in
the family to develop more homogeneous datasets. We propose to continue those sorts of
studies, as well as focus on cloning genes in regions we and others have identified to date.
To test hypotheses that certain variants are associated with prostate cancer susceptibility
or progression of disease, will also conduct association studies in a population-based, case
control study of middle aged men with prostate cancer. This will allow us to test the
putative association of candidate genes and SNPs in prostate cancer susceptibility,
aggressivity, and long-term outcomes.
case-control, cohort and twin studies. The effect is strongest among first-degree relatives,
where the relative risk estimates range from 1.7 to 3.7. Families reporting younger ages at
diagnosis and multiple relatives with prostate cancer were demonstrated even higher relative
risks. For example, compared to men with no family history, men with three or more
first-degree relatives with prostate cancer have almost an 11-fold increased risk. Although
the majority of studies focused on Caucasians, similar elevations in risk associated with a
family history of disease have been reported for Asian and African Americans. While the
majority of the data seems to point towards autosomal dominant genes, evidence for an
X-linked or recessive inheritance has also been reported.
During the last decade, others and we have been devoted to the search for hereditary prostate
cancer (HPC) loci either by linkage or by association with candidate genes. A generally
agreed upon definition of HPC families now exists. These are families in which there is
either: 1) prostate cancer in three or more first-degree relatives; 2) prostate cancer in
three successive generations; or 3) a cluster of two relatives diagnosed at less than or
equal to 55 years.
Armed with these criteria, others and we have collected large data sets of likely hereditary
families and undertaken genome wide scans. However, locus heterogeneity issues have made the
task difficult. There are clearly many genes that contribute to prostate cancer
susceptibility, and many are likely to be weakly penetrant. We have stratified the data
derived from our genome scan by a number of likely factors such as age at diagnosis, number
of affected men, founder effects aggressiveness of disease, and presence of other cancers in
the family to develop more homogeneous datasets. We propose to continue those sorts of
studies, as well as focus on cloning genes in regions we and others have identified to date.
To test hypotheses that certain variants are associated with prostate cancer susceptibility
or progression of disease, will also conduct association studies in a population-based, case
control study of middle aged men with prostate cancer. This will allow us to test the
putative association of candidate genes and SNPs in prostate cancer susceptibility,
aggressivity, and long-term outcomes.
- INCLUSION CRITERIA:
Study families were required to meet at least one of the following criteria:
Have three or more first-degree relatives with PC
Have three generations with PC, either through paternal or maternal lineage; or
Have two-first degree relatives with PC diagnosed before age 65 or who were African
American. All surviving men, and selected unaffected men and females were invited to join.
We found this trial at
1
site
9000 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, Maryland 20892
Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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