Integrating Behavioral Health and Primary Care for Comorbid Behavioral and Medical Problems
| Status: | Enrolling by invitation |
|---|---|
| Conditions: | Anxiety, Anxiety, Arthritis, Arthritis, Asthma, Asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Pain, Chronic Pain, Depression, Fibromyalgia, High Blood Pressure (Hypertension), Insomnia Sleep Studies, Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), Cardiology, Psychiatric, Pulmonary |
| Therapuetic Areas: | Cardiology / Vascular Diseases, Gastroenterology, Musculoskeletal, Psychiatry / Psychology, Pulmonary / Respiratory Diseases, Rheumatology |
| Healthy: | No |
| Age Range: | 18 - Any |
| Updated: | 1/14/2018 |
| Start Date: | April 2016 |
| End Date: | April 2021 |
Behavioral problems are part of many of the chronic diseases that cause the majority of
illness, disability and death. Tobacco, diet, physical inactivity, alcohol, drug abuse,
failure to take treatment, sleep problems, anxiety, depression, and stress are major issues,
especially when chronic medical problems such as heart disease, lung disease, diabetes, or
kidney disease are also present. These behavioral problems can often be helped, but the
current health care system doesn't do a good job of getting the right care to these patients.
Behavioral health includes mental health care, substance abuse care, health behavior change,
and attention to family and other psychological and social factors. Many people with
behavioral health needs present to primary care and may be referred to mental health or
substance abuse specialists, but this method is often unacceptable to patients. Two newer
ways have been proposed for helping these patients. In co-location, a behavioral health
clinician (such as a Psychologist or Social Worker) is located in or near the primary
practice to increase the chance that the patient will make it to treatment. In Integrated
Behavioral Health (IBH), a Behavioral Health Clinician is specially trained to work closely
with the medical provider as a full member of the primary treatment team.
The research question is: Does increased integration of evidence-supported behavioral health
and primary care services, compared to simple co-location of providers, improve outcomes? The
key decision affected by the research is at the practice level: whether and how to use
behavioral health services.
The investigators plan to do a randomized, parallel group clustered study of 3,000 subjects
in 40 practices with co-located behavioral health services. Practice randomized to the active
intervention will convert to IBH using a practice improvement method that has helped in other
settings. The investigators will measure the health status of patients in each practice
before and after they start using IBH. The investigators will compare the change in those
outcomes to health status changes of patients in practices who have not yet started using
IBH.
The investigators plan to study adults who each have both medical and behavioral problems,
and get their care in Family Medicine clinics, General Internal Medicine practices, and
Community Health Centers.
illness, disability and death. Tobacco, diet, physical inactivity, alcohol, drug abuse,
failure to take treatment, sleep problems, anxiety, depression, and stress are major issues,
especially when chronic medical problems such as heart disease, lung disease, diabetes, or
kidney disease are also present. These behavioral problems can often be helped, but the
current health care system doesn't do a good job of getting the right care to these patients.
Behavioral health includes mental health care, substance abuse care, health behavior change,
and attention to family and other psychological and social factors. Many people with
behavioral health needs present to primary care and may be referred to mental health or
substance abuse specialists, but this method is often unacceptable to patients. Two newer
ways have been proposed for helping these patients. In co-location, a behavioral health
clinician (such as a Psychologist or Social Worker) is located in or near the primary
practice to increase the chance that the patient will make it to treatment. In Integrated
Behavioral Health (IBH), a Behavioral Health Clinician is specially trained to work closely
with the medical provider as a full member of the primary treatment team.
The research question is: Does increased integration of evidence-supported behavioral health
and primary care services, compared to simple co-location of providers, improve outcomes? The
key decision affected by the research is at the practice level: whether and how to use
behavioral health services.
The investigators plan to do a randomized, parallel group clustered study of 3,000 subjects
in 40 practices with co-located behavioral health services. Practice randomized to the active
intervention will convert to IBH using a practice improvement method that has helped in other
settings. The investigators will measure the health status of patients in each practice
before and after they start using IBH. The investigators will compare the change in those
outcomes to health status changes of patients in practices who have not yet started using
IBH.
The investigators plan to study adults who each have both medical and behavioral problems,
and get their care in Family Medicine clinics, General Internal Medicine practices, and
Community Health Centers.
The chronic diseases that drive the majority of mortality, morbidity and cost in America and
around the globe are largely behavioral in origin or management. Tobacco, diet, physical
inactivity, alcohol, substance abuse, non-adherence to treatment, insomnia, anxiety,
depression, and stress are major causes of morbidity, mortality and expense, especially when
chronic medical problems such as heart disease, lung disease, diabetes, or arthritis are also
present. Behavioral problems can often be effectively managed with improved outcomes for
patients, their families and the health care system, but the current health care system is
often unable to provide such care.
Behavioral Health includes mental health care, substance abuse care, health behavior change,
and attention to family and other psychosocial factors. Many people with behavioral health
needs present to primary care and may be referred to mental health or substance abuse
specialists, but this method is often unacceptable to patients. Two newer models have been
proposed for helping these patients. In co-location, a behavioral health provider is located
in or near the primary practice to increase the likelihood of successful referral and
treatment initiation. An alternative is Integrated Behavioral Health (IBH) in which a
Behavioral Health Clinician is specially trained to work closely with the medical provider as
a full member of the primary treatment team. Although it is clear that the status quo of
under-diagnosis or inadequate referral and treatment is not acceptable, it is not known which
of the alternative models is best.
The research question is: Does increased integration of evidence-supported behavioral health
and primary care services, compared to simple co-location of providers, improve
patient-centered outcomes in patients with multiple morbidities? The key health decisions
affected by the research are those made at the practice level: whether and how best to
incorporate behavioral health (BH) services. At the patient level, the decision of whether to
seek out or accept offered BH services will be influenced by the manner they are made
available.
Aim 1: Determine if increased integration of evidence-supported behavioral health and primary
care results in better patient-centered outcomes than simple co-location of behavioral
providers without systematic integration.
Aim 2: Determine if structured improvement process techniques are effective in increasing BH
integration.
Aim 3: Explore how contextual factors affect the implementation and patient-centeredness of
integrated BH care.
This is a prospective, cluster-randomized, mixed methods comparison of co-location of BH
services vs. IBH in 3,000 subjects in 40 primary care practices around the US.
Usual care (the control comparator) for practices attempting to deliver BH services is
co-location of a BH clinician within or adjacent to the primary care facility, without
increased integration. The active comparator (the intervention) is Integrated Behavioral
Health to support the delivery of protocol supported, stepped, data-driven,
evidence-supported, BH care. In both cases, the expenses (such as salaries for the Behavioral
Health Clinicians) will be paid by the practices. The intervention consists of training for
practice leaders, Behavioral Health Clinicians, primary care providers, and office staff, a
Structured Improvement Process support for practice redesign, and a toolkit of suggested
tactics for implementing BH.
The target patient population is adults with multiple comorbid medical and behavioral
problems receiving services in the target practice settings: Family Medicine clinics, General
Internal Medicine practices, and Community Health Centers. The investigators will enroll 30
practices from around the country to represent a broad spectrum of US primary care sites
including those serving racial and ethnic minority groups, low-income groups, women, seniors,
residents of rural areas, and patients with special health needs, disabilities, multiple
chronic diseases, low health literacy or numeracy and/or limited English proficiency. The
intervention will be directed at the practices and its impact measured in a randomly selected
sample of 75 patients with behavioral health needs from each practice for a total of 3000
patients followed for 2 years.
The primary outcome is the PROMIS-29, a patient-centered measure of global health and
functioning. Secondary analyses will assess other outcomes important to patients as well
subgroup analyses to allow exploration of what types of patients and practices benefit most
from Integrated Behavioral Health. Aim 2 will study the effect of the intervention on
practice structure and processes. Aim 3 will identify barriers and supports for successful
integration.
The analyses for Aims 1 and 2 will use generalized linear mixed models of patient health
status to perform intention-to-treat analyses as a function of experimental condition
(co-location vs. integration), patient characteristics, and time of measurement, with
multiple measures clustered within patients and patients clustered within practices. The
parameters of interest are the central tendency (mean), statistical significance (P values)
and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the adjusted change in PROMIS-29 domain score since
before the intervention. Each of the 8 outcome domains in the PROMIS-29 will be modeled
individually as 8 separate hypotheses with adjustment for multiple comparisons. Secondary
outcomes (Communication, Empathy, Adherence, etc.) will use similar models. Aim 3 will use
mixed methods analysis of surveys, focus groups, key informant interviews and other data
sources to explore the relationship between the context of the intervention and the
patient-centeredness of the resultant care.
around the globe are largely behavioral in origin or management. Tobacco, diet, physical
inactivity, alcohol, substance abuse, non-adherence to treatment, insomnia, anxiety,
depression, and stress are major causes of morbidity, mortality and expense, especially when
chronic medical problems such as heart disease, lung disease, diabetes, or arthritis are also
present. Behavioral problems can often be effectively managed with improved outcomes for
patients, their families and the health care system, but the current health care system is
often unable to provide such care.
Behavioral Health includes mental health care, substance abuse care, health behavior change,
and attention to family and other psychosocial factors. Many people with behavioral health
needs present to primary care and may be referred to mental health or substance abuse
specialists, but this method is often unacceptable to patients. Two newer models have been
proposed for helping these patients. In co-location, a behavioral health provider is located
in or near the primary practice to increase the likelihood of successful referral and
treatment initiation. An alternative is Integrated Behavioral Health (IBH) in which a
Behavioral Health Clinician is specially trained to work closely with the medical provider as
a full member of the primary treatment team. Although it is clear that the status quo of
under-diagnosis or inadequate referral and treatment is not acceptable, it is not known which
of the alternative models is best.
The research question is: Does increased integration of evidence-supported behavioral health
and primary care services, compared to simple co-location of providers, improve
patient-centered outcomes in patients with multiple morbidities? The key health decisions
affected by the research are those made at the practice level: whether and how best to
incorporate behavioral health (BH) services. At the patient level, the decision of whether to
seek out or accept offered BH services will be influenced by the manner they are made
available.
Aim 1: Determine if increased integration of evidence-supported behavioral health and primary
care results in better patient-centered outcomes than simple co-location of behavioral
providers without systematic integration.
Aim 2: Determine if structured improvement process techniques are effective in increasing BH
integration.
Aim 3: Explore how contextual factors affect the implementation and patient-centeredness of
integrated BH care.
This is a prospective, cluster-randomized, mixed methods comparison of co-location of BH
services vs. IBH in 3,000 subjects in 40 primary care practices around the US.
Usual care (the control comparator) for practices attempting to deliver BH services is
co-location of a BH clinician within or adjacent to the primary care facility, without
increased integration. The active comparator (the intervention) is Integrated Behavioral
Health to support the delivery of protocol supported, stepped, data-driven,
evidence-supported, BH care. In both cases, the expenses (such as salaries for the Behavioral
Health Clinicians) will be paid by the practices. The intervention consists of training for
practice leaders, Behavioral Health Clinicians, primary care providers, and office staff, a
Structured Improvement Process support for practice redesign, and a toolkit of suggested
tactics for implementing BH.
The target patient population is adults with multiple comorbid medical and behavioral
problems receiving services in the target practice settings: Family Medicine clinics, General
Internal Medicine practices, and Community Health Centers. The investigators will enroll 30
practices from around the country to represent a broad spectrum of US primary care sites
including those serving racial and ethnic minority groups, low-income groups, women, seniors,
residents of rural areas, and patients with special health needs, disabilities, multiple
chronic diseases, low health literacy or numeracy and/or limited English proficiency. The
intervention will be directed at the practices and its impact measured in a randomly selected
sample of 75 patients with behavioral health needs from each practice for a total of 3000
patients followed for 2 years.
The primary outcome is the PROMIS-29, a patient-centered measure of global health and
functioning. Secondary analyses will assess other outcomes important to patients as well
subgroup analyses to allow exploration of what types of patients and practices benefit most
from Integrated Behavioral Health. Aim 2 will study the effect of the intervention on
practice structure and processes. Aim 3 will identify barriers and supports for successful
integration.
The analyses for Aims 1 and 2 will use generalized linear mixed models of patient health
status to perform intention-to-treat analyses as a function of experimental condition
(co-location vs. integration), patient characteristics, and time of measurement, with
multiple measures clustered within patients and patients clustered within practices. The
parameters of interest are the central tendency (mean), statistical significance (P values)
and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the adjusted change in PROMIS-29 domain score since
before the intervention. Each of the 8 outcome domains in the PROMIS-29 will be modeled
individually as 8 separate hypotheses with adjustment for multiple comparisons. Secondary
outcomes (Communication, Empathy, Adherence, etc.) will use similar models. Aim 3 will use
mixed methods analysis of surveys, focus groups, key informant interviews and other data
sources to explore the relationship between the context of the intervention and the
patient-centeredness of the resultant care.
Inclusion Criteria:
- Over 18 years of age
- At least one target chronic medical condition:
- arthritis
- asthma
- chronic obstructive lung disease
- diabetes
- heart failure
- or hypertension.
- Evidence of a behavioral problem or need:
- Diagnosis of:
- anxiety
- chronic pain including headache
- depression
- fibromyalgia
- insomnia
- irritable bowel syndrome
- problem drinking
- substance use disorder
- OR persistent use of certain medications used for behavioral concerns:
- antidepressants
- anxiolytics
- opioids
- antineuropathy agents
- OR persistent failure to attain physiologic control of a medical problem:
- blood pressure>165 while on 3 or more medications
- A1C > 9% for 6 months)
- OR the presence of three or more of the target chronic medical conditions.
Exclusion Criteria:
No exclusions apply.
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