Randomized Trial of the Positive Action Program in Hawaii Schools

This project will: 1) evaluate the efficacy of a comprehensive, multi-grade, multi-year
program, the Positive Action program (PA) designed to reduce student problem behaviors
(including drug use and violence), disciplinary referrals and suspensions, and academic
underachievement; 2) evaluate the effects of the program on the presumed/theoretical
mediator variables; and 3) assess which of these changes in mediator variables actually
mediate the effects of the program on behavior and school performance. The Hawaiian school
district has agreed to implement a randomized trial of the PA program. We randomly assigned
schools to PA or control conditions from strata matched on multiple indicators of risk. PA
schools will receive the full PA program for four years (the 2002-03 through 2005-06 school
years). This includes all materials for all students (at all grades), families, teachers,
and principal, plus community kits; training for teachers and other interested staff; and
continuous technical support and monitoring by a PA staff person. Data on behavior and
academic achievement will be obtained from school archival records for all students for all
years and, where appropriate for several years prior to the study. Students in grades 1 and
3 in the 2001-02 school year and their parents and teachers will also be followed through
the project with surveys every year. The subject population will contain equal portions of
males and females, and proportionate numbers of the major ethnic groups on Oahu (Hawaiian or
part-Hawaiian, white, Asian, Other). Analyses will test for program effects on all
hypothesized mediating variables and outcomes, and the hypothesized mediational pathways.

Inclusion Criteria:

- Public elementary schools K-5 or K-6

- All students in the study cohorts

Exclusion Criteria:

- Schools performing in top 50%