Gastric Emptying Ultrasound Research Study

In order to ensure safety for elective anesthesia, standard practice requires pre-operative
fasting to ensure that the stomach is empty prior to induction. The question of timing of
pre-operative consumption of oral fluids remains vexed, and challenges anesthesiologists on
a frequent basis. In the past few years, a new controversy in pre-operative fasting has
arisen: clear drinks with increased content of protein and carbohydrate have been introduced
to the market. Families and professionals alike are confused whether to regard these
products as clear liquids (2 hours fasting) or as solids (at least 6 hours).

Ultrasound is now considered an accepted tool in the anesthesia literature as a surrogate
for aspiration risk with different materials and in different disease states.

Inclusion Criteria:

- 8-14 years old

- Willing to not eat or drink for at least 8 hours overnight beforehand

- Have a BMI < 35

Exclusion Criteria:

- Use tobacco of any kind

- Taking any medications (Females: oral contraceptives okay)

- Suffers from diabetes, Crohn's Disease, Celiac Disease, Malabsorption, Galactosemia

- Has ever has surgery on esophagus, stomach, or small bowel

- Has allergies or intolerances to milk, apple juice, or ensure clear

- Has any surgical condition, disease, or on any medication that could alter stomach
emptying rate

- Has any disease that limits day-to-day activities

- Is pregnant or possibly could be pregnant