Effects of Sleep Deprivation and Recovery on Cognitive Functions
| Status: | Completed |
|---|---|
| Conditions: | Insomnia Sleep Studies |
| Therapuetic Areas: | Psychiatry / Psychology |
| Healthy: | No |
| Age Range: | 20 - 40 |
| Updated: | 4/5/2019 |
| Start Date: | September 10, 2005 |
| End Date: | September 30, 2016 |
Effects of Sleep Deprivation and Recovery Sleep on Speech, Language and Other Higher Cognitive Functions: A Combined EEG-fMRI Study
This study will measure brain activity in individuals performing language tasks while in
various states of alertness to learn more about how the central nervous system is affected by
impairments such as sleepiness.
Healthy normal volunteers between 20 and 40 years of age may be eligible for this study.
Candidates must be non-smokers, right-handed, speak English fluently and have at least 12
years of education. They are screened with a medical history, physical examination, hearing
and speech evaluation, computer task training, blood and urine tests and a late-night
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan (see description below). Before screening
and again before participating in the study, candidates wear an actigraph (a wristwatch-like
device that records motion) for 7 days to provide a measure of their sleep-wake patterns.
Participants undergo the following tests and procedures:
- Extended wakefulness: Subjects are kept awake longer than is normal for them in their
everyday life to be able to examine the brain under conditions of sleepiness. They are
engaged in activities with the research staff during this waking time.
- Functional magnetic resonance imaging: Subjects undergo five separate fMRI scans-one
during screening and four others during the main part of the study. fMRI uses a magnetic
field and radio waves to produce images of the brain. The subject lies on a table that
is moved into the scanner (a narrow cylinder), wearing earplugs to muffle loud knocking
and thumping sounds that occur during the scanning process. Brain scans are taken at
rest and while the subject performs tasks, which include pressing a button upon seeing
certain shapes and performing various language tasks, such as saying memorized or new
words, listening to narratives, and describing everyday procedures.
- Neurological, speech-language, and neuropsychological testing: Before the fMRI exams and
during the period of extended wakefulness, subjects complete a series of tests that
measure speech, language, memory and visual skills. Portions of the tests may be video-
or autiotaped.
- Interviews and questionnaires: Participants are interviewed about their handedness,
sleep history, and presence of medical or neurological symptoms.
- Electrophysiological studies: Subjects have an electroencephalograph (EEG) to measure
the electrical activity of the brain and surface electromyography (EMG) to measure
movements of muscles involved in moving and speaking. For the EEG, electrodes (small
metal disks) are attached to the surface of the scalp or to a cap placed over the head.
For the EMG, electrodes are attached to the skin of the face and neck by plastic or
paper tape.
various states of alertness to learn more about how the central nervous system is affected by
impairments such as sleepiness.
Healthy normal volunteers between 20 and 40 years of age may be eligible for this study.
Candidates must be non-smokers, right-handed, speak English fluently and have at least 12
years of education. They are screened with a medical history, physical examination, hearing
and speech evaluation, computer task training, blood and urine tests and a late-night
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan (see description below). Before screening
and again before participating in the study, candidates wear an actigraph (a wristwatch-like
device that records motion) for 7 days to provide a measure of their sleep-wake patterns.
Participants undergo the following tests and procedures:
- Extended wakefulness: Subjects are kept awake longer than is normal for them in their
everyday life to be able to examine the brain under conditions of sleepiness. They are
engaged in activities with the research staff during this waking time.
- Functional magnetic resonance imaging: Subjects undergo five separate fMRI scans-one
during screening and four others during the main part of the study. fMRI uses a magnetic
field and radio waves to produce images of the brain. The subject lies on a table that
is moved into the scanner (a narrow cylinder), wearing earplugs to muffle loud knocking
and thumping sounds that occur during the scanning process. Brain scans are taken at
rest and while the subject performs tasks, which include pressing a button upon seeing
certain shapes and performing various language tasks, such as saying memorized or new
words, listening to narratives, and describing everyday procedures.
- Neurological, speech-language, and neuropsychological testing: Before the fMRI exams and
during the period of extended wakefulness, subjects complete a series of tests that
measure speech, language, memory and visual skills. Portions of the tests may be video-
or autiotaped.
- Interviews and questionnaires: Participants are interviewed about their handedness,
sleep history, and presence of medical or neurological symptoms.
- Electrophysiological studies: Subjects have an electroencephalograph (EEG) to measure
the electrical activity of the brain and surface electromyography (EMG) to measure
movements of muscles involved in moving and speaking. For the EEG, electrodes (small
metal disks) are attached to the surface of the scalp or to a cap placed over the head.
For the EMG, electrodes are attached to the skin of the face and neck by plastic or
paper tape.
Objectives of this protocol are to examine fMRI data taken concurrently with speech,
language, and decision making tasks under conditions of both alertness and sleep deprivation,
comparing fMRI-defined neural activation across states and behavioral performance, assessing
changes in brain function with sleep deprivation. An additional objective is to develop an
fMRI signal based sleep scoring system. Subjects will be 45 normal healthy volunteers, age
20-40, who meet criteria both for safe participation in an fMRI environment and for
suitability for research on normal human sleep. To examine speech and language processing and
also to examine depth of sleep, we will use a within-subjects free behavior design in which
we search for patterns in the arterial spin labeled (ASL) or the blood oxygen dependent
(BOLD) signal in fMRI data recorded while subjects say rehearsed word sets, describe or
listen to novel procedures, or transition from wake to sleep. To gauge subjects' speech and
language, we will record, concurrently with fMRI, their voice for analysis in conditions of
both alertness and sleep deprivation. To examine decision making, we will compare the fMRI
signal during response execution and inhibition across conditions of alertness and sleep
deprivation. To gauge subjects' depth of sleep during fMRI, we will use both physiological
(e.g., EEG) and behavioral measures (e.g., latency and quality of rehearsed verbal response
to external stimuli presented during sleep). For speech, language processing, and depth of
sleep, key measures will include fundamental frequency, speaking rate, voice onset, word
production, and linguistic variables (phonological, syntactic, and pragmatic) derived from
recorded transcripts. For decision making, the key measure will be subjects' errors and
latencies in responding to cues to make or refrain from making a prescribed action. The fMRI
data corresponding to these behavioral data are expected to show systematic changes in neural
activation patterns that parallel behavioral changes with sleep deprivation.
language, and decision making tasks under conditions of both alertness and sleep deprivation,
comparing fMRI-defined neural activation across states and behavioral performance, assessing
changes in brain function with sleep deprivation. An additional objective is to develop an
fMRI signal based sleep scoring system. Subjects will be 45 normal healthy volunteers, age
20-40, who meet criteria both for safe participation in an fMRI environment and for
suitability for research on normal human sleep. To examine speech and language processing and
also to examine depth of sleep, we will use a within-subjects free behavior design in which
we search for patterns in the arterial spin labeled (ASL) or the blood oxygen dependent
(BOLD) signal in fMRI data recorded while subjects say rehearsed word sets, describe or
listen to novel procedures, or transition from wake to sleep. To gauge subjects' speech and
language, we will record, concurrently with fMRI, their voice for analysis in conditions of
both alertness and sleep deprivation. To examine decision making, we will compare the fMRI
signal during response execution and inhibition across conditions of alertness and sleep
deprivation. To gauge subjects' depth of sleep during fMRI, we will use both physiological
(e.g., EEG) and behavioral measures (e.g., latency and quality of rehearsed verbal response
to external stimuli presented during sleep). For speech, language processing, and depth of
sleep, key measures will include fundamental frequency, speaking rate, voice onset, word
production, and linguistic variables (phonological, syntactic, and pragmatic) derived from
recorded transcripts. For decision making, the key measure will be subjects' errors and
latencies in responding to cues to make or refrain from making a prescribed action. The fMRI
data corresponding to these behavioral data are expected to show systematic changes in neural
activation patterns that parallel behavioral changes with sleep deprivation.
- INCLUSION CRITERIA:
Normal healthy volunteers in this protocol should be fluent English speaking and have at
least 12 years of education.
Subjects should also be right-handed.
EXCLUSION CRITERIA:
People who are not native speakers of English or are left handed will be excluded from this
study.
Given the nature of the stimuli presentation (i.e., projected visual images and speakers
carrying voice), anyone with noncorrectable vision impairments, hearing loss, or known risk
for hearing loss will be excluded. Normal hearing is defined as hearing thresholds of 25dB
HL or less for the octave frequencies 250 - 8000 Hz and intact crossed acoustic reflex in
both ears.
The dual focus of this research on sleep deprivation and fMRI yields additional sets of
exclusion criteria for both fMRI safety and normal sleep/wake patterns. Given the
dimensions of the fMRI and the exam table, anyone whose body size or shape cannot be
accommodated in the fMRI with a projected image remaining continuously visible will be
excluded.
Women who are pregnant will be excluded from this protocol.
We found this trial at
1
site
9000 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, Maryland 20892
Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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