Thyroid Abnormalities Associated With Exposure to Atmospheric Emissions of Radioactive Iodine
| Status: | Terminated |
|---|---|
| Conditions: | Women's Studies, Endocrine |
| Therapuetic Areas: | Endocrinology, Reproductive |
| Healthy: | No |
| Age Range: | 51 - 52 |
| Updated: | 4/17/2018 |
| Start Date: | February 21, 2006 |
| End Date: | September 3, 2013 |
Thyroid Abnormalities Associated With Protracted Childhood I-131 Exposure From Atmospheric Emissions From the Mayak Nuclear Plant in Russia
Background:
- An inadequate filtering system at the Mayak nuclear weapons production facility in
Ozyorsk, Russia, allowed the release of various radioactive materials, particularly
I-131 (radioactive iodine) into the city's atmosphere during the 1950s.
- A recent pilot study found a higher prevalence of thyroid nodules in Ozyorsk residents
who were exposed to the radiation in childhood during years of heavy atmospheric
emissions (1952-1953) than in children exposed in later years (between 1967 and 1991)
when there were almost no radioactive releases.
- Understanding the role of I-131 in the development of thyroid disease is important
because I-131 is commonly used in medicine (e.g., to treat hyperthyroidism and thyroid
cancer and to diagnose thyroid disease), and it is the major source of thyroid gland
exposure in fallout from atomic bomb explosions, nuclear power plant accidents, and
atmospheric venting from plutonium manufacturing facilities.
Objectives:
-To expand the pilot study to include 350 Ozyorsk residents who were exposed in childhood to
moderate levels of radiation in order to evaluate thyroid disease in relation to the dose of
I-131 exposure.
Eligibility:
-People who were born and living in Ozyorsk, Russia between 1954 and 1955, the period of mild
radioactive releases from the Mayak nuclear weapons plant.
Design:
- Participants' thyroid gland and structure are examined with an ultrasound examination
and blood tests.
- Participants with a possible thyroid gland disorder are referred to specialists for
additional diagnostic procedures.
- An inadequate filtering system at the Mayak nuclear weapons production facility in
Ozyorsk, Russia, allowed the release of various radioactive materials, particularly
I-131 (radioactive iodine) into the city's atmosphere during the 1950s.
- A recent pilot study found a higher prevalence of thyroid nodules in Ozyorsk residents
who were exposed to the radiation in childhood during years of heavy atmospheric
emissions (1952-1953) than in children exposed in later years (between 1967 and 1991)
when there were almost no radioactive releases.
- Understanding the role of I-131 in the development of thyroid disease is important
because I-131 is commonly used in medicine (e.g., to treat hyperthyroidism and thyroid
cancer and to diagnose thyroid disease), and it is the major source of thyroid gland
exposure in fallout from atomic bomb explosions, nuclear power plant accidents, and
atmospheric venting from plutonium manufacturing facilities.
Objectives:
-To expand the pilot study to include 350 Ozyorsk residents who were exposed in childhood to
moderate levels of radiation in order to evaluate thyroid disease in relation to the dose of
I-131 exposure.
Eligibility:
-People who were born and living in Ozyorsk, Russia between 1954 and 1955, the period of mild
radioactive releases from the Mayak nuclear weapons plant.
Design:
- Participants' thyroid gland and structure are examined with an ultrasound examination
and blood tests.
- Participants with a possible thyroid gland disorder are referred to specialists for
additional diagnostic procedures.
We plan to expand a completed pilot study that evaluated the prevalence of thyroid
abnormalities in relation to childhood exposure to atmospheric emissions of radioactive
iodines from the Mayak Nuclear Weapons Plant in Ozyorsk, Russia. The pilot study population
was composed of a defined cohort of approximately 900 Ozyorsk residents who were born between
January 1, 1952 and December 31, 1953. The exposed population was comprised of persons who
lived in Ozyorsk during the years of heavy atmospheric releases (1952-1953). Members of the
nonexposed group moved to Ozyorsk between 1967 and 1991, i.e. when there were almost no
radioactive releases. Results from the pilot study suggest an elevated prevalence of thyroid
nodules in the exposed population. Given the positive results from the pilot study and the US
Department of Energy's (DOE) decision to fund a dose reconstruction project for the Ozyorsk
population, we intend to expand the study to include an additional 350 people born and living
in Ozyorsk between 1954 and 1955, i.e. exposed to moderate levels of radiation .
Methods similar to those used in the pilot study will be used in the expanded study. Members
of the study population will be invited to participate in a special thyroid screening
protocol when they come for their annual routine medical examination at the Ozyorsk automated
dispensary system (ASDOC). The thyroid gland is clinically examined by two ASDOC physicians
specifically trained in thyroid palpation. Thyroid abnormalities will be detected based on
physical examinations, assessment of TSH levels, and ultrasound imaging. Biochemical
laboratory tests, including Free T(4), and anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies will be assayed as
necessary. Patients are sent to a consulting endocrinologist if the palpation, ultrasound or
laboratory findings suggest a thyroid disorder. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy is
performed when a tumor is suspected. Although the FNA is not be done as part of the study
research, but rather as part of the regular Ozyorsk medical system, the results will be given
to the study staff to help make diagnostic decisions. Patients with complicated thyroid
disease will be referred to an experienced consulting thyroid specialist. Patients with
diagnosed thyroid disease are treated within the regular medical system in Ozyorsk.
abnormalities in relation to childhood exposure to atmospheric emissions of radioactive
iodines from the Mayak Nuclear Weapons Plant in Ozyorsk, Russia. The pilot study population
was composed of a defined cohort of approximately 900 Ozyorsk residents who were born between
January 1, 1952 and December 31, 1953. The exposed population was comprised of persons who
lived in Ozyorsk during the years of heavy atmospheric releases (1952-1953). Members of the
nonexposed group moved to Ozyorsk between 1967 and 1991, i.e. when there were almost no
radioactive releases. Results from the pilot study suggest an elevated prevalence of thyroid
nodules in the exposed population. Given the positive results from the pilot study and the US
Department of Energy's (DOE) decision to fund a dose reconstruction project for the Ozyorsk
population, we intend to expand the study to include an additional 350 people born and living
in Ozyorsk between 1954 and 1955, i.e. exposed to moderate levels of radiation .
Methods similar to those used in the pilot study will be used in the expanded study. Members
of the study population will be invited to participate in a special thyroid screening
protocol when they come for their annual routine medical examination at the Ozyorsk automated
dispensary system (ASDOC). The thyroid gland is clinically examined by two ASDOC physicians
specifically trained in thyroid palpation. Thyroid abnormalities will be detected based on
physical examinations, assessment of TSH levels, and ultrasound imaging. Biochemical
laboratory tests, including Free T(4), and anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies will be assayed as
necessary. Patients are sent to a consulting endocrinologist if the palpation, ultrasound or
laboratory findings suggest a thyroid disorder. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy is
performed when a tumor is suspected. Although the FNA is not be done as part of the study
research, but rather as part of the regular Ozyorsk medical system, the results will be given
to the study staff to help make diagnostic decisions. Patients with complicated thyroid
disease will be referred to an experienced consulting thyroid specialist. Patients with
diagnosed thyroid disease are treated within the regular medical system in Ozyorsk.
- Eligibility Criteria:
Currently living and working in Ozyorsk, Russian Federation
Born and living in Ozyorsk between January 1954 and December 1955
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