Part 2 of Phase 1 Study of GC1008 to Treat Advanced Melanoma (Part 2 Will Only Accept and Treat Patients With Advanced Malignant Melanoma)

BACKGROUND:

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFBeta) is a member of a large family of evolutionarily
conserved proteins with broad activity.

Paradoxically, TGFBeta is involved in both preventing malignant transformation of cells and
promoting tumor progression by enhancing the proteolysis of extracellular matrix, stimulating
tumor cell migration, tumor invasiveness, angiogenesis and inhibiting the immune response to
tumor.

GC1008 is a human IgG4 monoclonal antibody that neutralizes all isoforms of TGFBeta.

GC1008 reduced metastatic burden and enhanced immune responses against cancers in preclinical
studies.

OBJECTIVES:

To assess the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), and safety of
GC1008 in patients with locally advanced of metastatic renal cell carcinoma or malignant
melanoma.

To obtain pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic data on GC1008.

To evaluate tumor response as a preliminary assessment of clinical activity.

To assess possible surrogate markers that might predict clinical efficacy by obtaining tumors
and blood samples for exploratory biomarker analysis.

ELIGIBILITY:

Adult patients with locally advanced, surgically inoperable metastatic renal cell carcinoma
or malignant melanoma. The Part 2 cohort expansion will accrue only malignant melanoma
patients.

Patients must have failed greater than or equal to 1 prior therapy.

Patients must have a hemoglobin greater than or equal to 10.0 gm/dL granulocyte count (ANC)
of greater than or equal to 1500/miocroliter and platelets greater than or equal to
100,000/microliter; creatinine less than or equal to 2 mg/dL, serum bilirubin less than or
equal to 1.5 x ULN, meet criteria for AST/ALT and have a normal PT/PTT.

Measurable disease by RECIST criteria.

Patients must test negative for hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and human immune
deficiency virus (HIV).

Patient must be greater than 4-weeks since major surgery, radiation therapy or chemotherapy.

DESIGN:

Part 1: Cohorts of 3-6 patients will be treated with a single intravenous dose of GC1008 at
doses of 0.1 to 15 mg/kg as prescribed by the protocol (This part has been completed).

Part 2: A cohort expansion will treat an additional 6 subjects with GC1008 15 mg/kg to
estimate the frequency of unacceptable skin adverse events (e.g., keratoacanthomas, etc). If
an unacceptable frequency of skin adverse events are observed, an additional 6 subjects will
be treated at the lower dose of 10 mg/kg to determine the phase II dose.

Patients will then be observed for adverse events and PK studies obtained for 4-weeks.

Patients will then receive three additional doses of GC1008 at same dose every 2-weeks.
Responding patients and those with stable disease may receive additional treatments.

- All inclusion and exclusion criteria must be met and confirmed prior to enrollment.
Unless specified, all laboratory normal ranges that are mentioned in inclusion and
exclusion criteria refer to institutional criteria. Unless otherwise specified, all
inclusion, exclusion and patients withdrawal criteria apply to both Part 1 and Part 2
of this Phase 1 study.

INCLUSION CRITERIA:

1. In Part 1, Dose Escalation: Patients with histologically confirmed, locally advanced
and surgically inoperable or metastatic renal cell carcinoma or malignant melanoma are
eligible.

In Part 2, Patient Expansion: Patients with histologically confirmed, locally advanced
and surgically inoperable or metastatic malignant melanoma are eligible.

In both Parts 1 and 2: All patients must have failed greater than or equal to 1 prior
therapy and potential patients may not be eligible for curative intent treatment
(e.g., potentially curative surgical resection or chemotherapy). Other qualifying
therapies include any medical, surgical, radiation, or investigational approach used
for potential therapeutic benefit (but not for diagnostic purposes) in patients with
advanced disease.

In addition, in Part 1, patients with renal cell carcinoma must have failed
temsirolimus and either sorafenib or sunitinib as part of their prior therapies.

2. Age greater than or equal to 18 years.

3. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status 0 to 2.

4. Serum albumin greater than or equal to 3.0 g/dL.

5. Expected survival greater than or equal to 5 months.

6. Adequate organ function including:

1. Marrow: Hemoglobin greater than or equal to 10.0 g/dL, absolute neutrophil count
(ANC) greater than or equal to 1,500/mm(3), and platelets greater than or equal
to 100,000/mm(3).

2. Hepatic: Serum total bilirubin less than or equal to 1.5 x upper limit of normal
(ULN) (Patients with Gilberts's Disease may be included if their total bilirubin
is less than or equal to 3.0 mg/dL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and
aspartate aminotransferase (AST) less than or equal to 2.5 x ULN. If the patient
has known liver metastases, an ALT and/or AST less than or equal to 5 x ULN are
allowed.

3. Renal: If negative proteinuria on urine dipstick, serum creatinine (sCR) less
than 2 mg/dL or urine creatinine clearance greater than or equal to 60 mL/min. If
urine is 1+ positive (30 mg/dL), urine protein must be less than or equal to 1
g/24 hours and measured creatinine clearance greater than or equal to 60 mL/min.

4. Other: Prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) within normal
ranges.

7. Measurable disease. Patients must have measurable disease as defined by Response
Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) within 4 weeks prior to first dose of
GC1008 (tumor lesion must be new or progressive if in a previously irradiated region.

8. Patients must have negative test (antibody and /or antigen) for hepatitis viruses B
and C and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), unless the result is consistent with
prior vaccination or prior infection with full recovery.

9. At the time of enrollment, patients must be greater than 4 weeks since major surgery,
radiotherapy, chemotherapy (greater than or equal to 6 weeks if they were treated with
a nitrosourea, mitomycin, or monoclonal antibodies such as bevacizumab),
immunotherapy, or biotherapy/targeted therapies and recovered from the toxicity of
prior treatment to less than or equal to Grade 1, exclusive of alopecia. Concurrent
cancer therapy is not permitted. (In patients who received long-acting agents, a
treatment-free interval of 2 half-lives should be considered.)

10. Patients must be able to give written informed consent to participate. Patients may
not be consented by a durable power of attorney.

11. Male and female patients of child-producing potential must agree to use effective
contraception while enrolled on study and receiving the experimental drug, and for at
least 3 months after the last treatment. Female patients of child-producing potential
must have a negative serum pregnancy test confirmed within 7 days of receiving the
initial dose of GC1008 therapy.

12. Documentation of flu vaccination if enrolled during flu season (as defined by the
availability of vaccine). Otherwise, patients should receive the current flu vaccine
greater than or equal to 1 week before beginning GC1008 therapy.

13. Pre-treatment tumor samples, such as paraffin blocks or unstained slides, must be
available for analyses.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

1. Central nervous system (CNS) metastases, meningeal carcinomatosis, malignant seizures,
or a disease that either causes or threatens neurologic compromise (e.g., unstable
vertebral metastases).

2. History of ascites or pleural effusions, unless successfully treated, completely
resolved, and the patient has not been treated for these conditions for greater than 4
months.

3. Active thrombophlebitis, thromboembolism, hypercoagulability states, bleeding, or use
of anti-coagulation therapy (including anti-platelet agents). Patients with a history
of deep venous thrombosis may participate if successfully treated, completely
resolved, and no treatment has been given for greater than 4 months.

4. Hypercalcemia: Calcium greater than 11.0 mg/dL (2.75 mmol/L) unresponsive or
uncontrolled in response to standard therapy (e.g., bisphosphonates).

5. Pregnant or nursing women, due to the unknown effects of GC1008 on the developing
fetus or newborn infant.

6. Patients diagnosed with another malignancy - unless following curative intent therapy,
the patient has been disease free for at least 5 years and the probability of
recurrence of the prior malignancy is less than 5 percent. Patients with curatively
treated early-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, basal cell carcinoma of the
skin, or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) are eligible for this study.

7. Patients with an organ transplant, including those that have received an allogeneic
bone marrow transplant.

8. Use of investigational agents within 4 weeks prior to study enrollment (within 6 weeks
if the treatment was with a long-acting agent such as a monoclonal antibody).

9. Patients on immunosuppressive therapy including:

1. Systemic corticosteroid therapy for any reason, including replacement therapy for
hypoadrenalism. Patients receiving inhaled or topical corticosteroids may
participate.

2. Patients receiving cyclosporine A, tacrolimus, or sirolimus are not eligible for
this study.

10. Significant or uncontrolled medical illness, such as congestive heart failure (CHF),
myocardial infarction, symptomatic coronary artery disease, significant ventricular
arrhythmias within the last 6 months, or significant pulmonary dysfunction. Patients
with a remote history of asthma or active mild asthma may participate.

11. Active infection, including unexplained fever (temperature greater than 38.1 YC), or
antibiotic therapy within 1 week prior to enrollment.

12. Systemic autoimmune disease (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus, active rheumatoid
arthritis, etc.).

13. A known allergy to any component of GC1008.

14. Patients who, in the opinion of the Investigator, have significant medical or
psychosocial problems that warrant exclusion. Examples of significant problems
include, but are not limited to:

1. Other serious non-malignancy-associated medical conditions that may be expected
to limit life expectancy to less than 2 years (e.g., liver cirrhosis) or
significantly increase the risk of SAEs.

2. Any condition, psychiatric or otherwise, that would preclude informed consent,
consistent follow-up, or compliance with any aspect of the study (e.g., untreated
schizophrenia or other significant cognitive impairment.).

3. Patients currently abusing drugs or alcohol or, in the opinion of the
Investigator, at high for poor compliance.

15. Part 2 only: Prior therapy with a TGFBeta antagonist, such as an antibody, receptor,
or kinase inhibitor or anti-sense therapy.