Determining the Reliability and Validity of the Swing Test

Upon arrival the subject will be given a questionnaire that will collect demographic
information and determine whether they meet the inclusion/exclusion criteria for the study.
If the subjects meet the inclusion/exclusion criteria for the study, they will be given an
informed consent form for participation and photography.

Prior to performing the swing test reflective markers will be placed on specific anatomical
landmarks of the subject.

An investigator will demonstrate how to perform the Swing test. The subject will then be
instructed to step onto a six inch box and asked to swing one leg forwards and backwards
mimicking their running stride. After ten practice repetitions, ten repetitions will be
recorded by the Vicon Motion Analysis System and 2 video cameras capturing different views.
The subject will then step off the box and the reflective markers will be removed.

After the swing test, the subject will undergo a series of common musculoskeletal
examination tests. The following examination tests will be performed in a random order.

The first musculoskeletal examination test is hip extension range of motion (ROM) that will
be measured using a goniometer. The subject will lie on their stomach and the investigator
will take the subjects hip into extension and measure their full motion.

The second examination tests is the Thomas test to determine the muscle length for rectus
femoris muscle and iliotibial band. The subject will be instructed to sit on the edge of the
bed and lower to supine while bringing one knee to chest. The investigator will assess the
subject's lower extremity position to determine the length of the rectus femoris muscle and
the iliotibial band.

The third examination test is hip strength measurements of internal rotation, external
rotation, and abduction which will be measured using a handheld dynamometer. The subject
will be placed on their back and their hip strength will be measured using the dynamometer.
The subject will then be placed on their side where further hip strength will be assessed.

The fourth examination tests is the navicular drop test. In a seated position, a mark will
be placed on the patient's navicular tubercle, which is a landmark on the inside of the
foot. An index card will be placed next to the middle of the subjects foot and the height of
the navicular will be marked on that index card. The subject will be instructed to stand up
and the navicular height will be marked again on the index card. The difference in height
between sitting and standing will be calculated.

The fifth examination test is the sorensen test to determine the endurance of the back
muscles. The subject will be instructed to lie prone with their trunk off the treatment
table. The subject will have arms crossed at chest, and will be instructed to maintain upper
body horizontal the floor. Time will be recorded during the test and the tests will stop
when the subject cannot maintain horizontal or 240 seconds is reached.

Three to five licensed physical therapists of varying levels of experience will be asked to
watch the video recordings of the subject performing the swing test and rate their
performance using a scoring system. Therapists who will be rating the Swing test will not
have access to any data other than the videos.

Inclusion Criteria:

- Adults 18 years or older who run at least five (5) miles a week.

Exclusion Criteria:

- Subjects will be pain-free with no history of lower extremity, lumbar spine or pelvis
musculoskeletal or neurological injuries in the last 6 months. Subjects will also not
have a history of lumbar or lower extremity surgery in the last 6 months. Lastly,
subjects will not have a history of balance impairments due to a vestibular or
neurological disorder in the last 6 months.