Evaluating a Behavioral Activities Treatment Program for Depressed Nursing Home Residents

Depression is a common mental disorder that affects nearly half of all older people living
in nursing homes. Depression can severely impact people's lives, causing them to often feel
sad and hopeless, as well as affect people's sleep patterns, concentration, and energy
levels. In addition, nursing homes are often understaffed and very busy, making it difficult
for older people with depression to receive a proper diagnosis and adequate treatment.
Recent studies have shown that an increase in pleasurable activities among residents in
nursing homes can improve symptoms of depression. The purpose of this study is to determine
whether symptoms of depression can be reduced by increasing opportunities for nursing home
residents to engage in pleasant events and build better relationships with nursing home
staff members.

Participating nursing homes will be randomly assigned to have their residents receive
behavioral activity treatment (BE-ACTIV) or treatment as usual for 12 weeks. Potential
participating nursing home residents will complete two brief tests regarding memory,
attention, and symptoms of depression. An hour-long interview will then be conducted during
which eligible participating residents will discuss their symptoms of depression, rate their
health and level of functioning, and assess the quality of their relationship with a staff
member. Residents receiving BE-ACTIV will meet with a therapist for weekly 30-minute
sessions for 10 weeks. During these sessions, residents will discuss their activity
participation and any pleasant events that they recently experienced. Therapists and nursing
home activities staff will work together to incorporate more activities of interest into
each resident's schedule. Residents of nursing homes assigned to receive treatment as usual
will be asked to rate their mood once a week for 10 weeks. Researchers will observe each
resident, regardless of treatment group, for 5-minute intervals at various times during the
study to assess mood and activity levels. All participating residents will undergo a second
interview after 10 weeks to discuss any changes or improvements in mood, symptoms of
depression, activity level, or their relationship with staff members. All participating
residents will be assessed after 3 months and again after 6 months post-treatment to
determine whether the BE-ACTIV program was successful in improving symptoms of depression.

Inclusion Criteria:

- Nursing home residents in long-term care beds with an expected stay of 3 months or
more

- Geriatric Depression Scale score of at least 11

- Meets DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder or research diagnostic criteria
for minor depressive disorder

Exclusion Criteria:

- Mini Mental State Exam score below 14

- Referred to hospice care for a terminal condition

- Current unstable or terminal medical condition

- Suicidal

- Meets DSM-IV criteria for bipolar disorder