Genicular Radiofrequency Ablation for Unilateral Knee Arthroplasty Pain Management

Total knee replacements are a leading orthopedic procedure in the United States totaling
600,000 in 2010, and are anticipated to grow to 3.48 million procedures by 2030. Three
primary reasons prolong hospital stays following unilateral knee arthroplasty. Pain is the
primary reason followed by opioid drowsiness and nausea/vomiting side effects. Reducing
opioid usage and decreasing hospital length of stays are paramount in improving patient care
during recovery and rehabilitation, subsequently reducing overall costs associated with total
knee replacement. Standard genicular radiofrequency ablation (t-RFA) has been effective pain
management for non-operative knee pain associated with osteoarthritis. Additionally, cooled
radiofrequency ablation (C-RFA), which was previously used for spinal pain, is now available
for knee pain management. C-RFA, compared to t-RFA, causes large volume spherical lesions and
potentially reduces time and fluoroscopic exposure with direct placement techniques. However,
both t-RFA and C-RFA offer a minimally invasive, non-surgical, non-opioid pain relief options
following surgery. Preliminary reports involving 40 patients who underwent either C-RFA or
t-RFA prior to unilateral knee arthroplasty by the investigator indicate both procedures
improved postoperative pain assessments and decreased opioid/narcotic utilization. The study
will perform a double-blinded, parallel grouped, placebo-controlled randomized study to
compare three pain management paradigms involving preoperative C-RFA, t-RFA, and sham. The
aim of this study is to establish if C-RFA and t-RFA, offered preoperatively to patients
undergoing unilateral knee arthroplasty, provide postoperative pain relief, reduce hospital
length of stays and decrease opioid utilization thereby improving patient outcomes and
decreasing overall costs.

Inclusion Criteria:

- Osteoarthritis of the knee where unilateral knee arthroplasty is indicated by
radiograph, function decrease and/or pain indication and readiness to undergo t-RFA,
C-RFA or sham treatment.

Exclusion Criteria:

□ • NO DAILY OPIOID CONSUMPTION 5 WEEKS PRIOR TO ENROLLMENT

- NO DOCUMENTED NARCOTIC DEPENDENCY OR RECREATIONAL DRUG USE

- NO TOBACCO USAGE WITHIN 2 MONTHS PRIOR TO SURGERY

- NO CONFOUNDING INFLAMMATORY ARTHRITIS DISEASES ARE PRESENT

- NO NEUROPATHY OR NEURO IMPAIRMENT PRESENT

- NO SIGNIFICANT ACUTE ILLNESS OR INFECTION

- NO OTHER CONFOUNDING CHRONIC PAIN

- NO INVESTIGATIONAL AGENT WITHIN 3 MONTHS PRIOR TO ENROLLMENT

- NO DIAGNOSED THROMBOPHILIA

- NO SEVERE CARDIAC OR PULMONARY COMPROMISE

- NO BLEEDING DISORDER(S)

- NO ALLERGIC REACTION TO LOCAL ANESTHESIA, STEROIDS, OR IMPLANT MATERIALS

- NO BREASTFEEDING

- NO PREGNANCY

- NO CONFOUNDING PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESSES

- NO CONFOUNDING MAJOR TRAUMA HARDWARE REMOVALS OR PRIOR TKA *NO CONTRAINDICATED BODY
HABITUS TO BE DETERMINED BY A TREATMENT PROVIDER