Deciphering the Role of Oxytocin in Motivation: an fMRI Study. Part II

Oxytocin is a well-known social and reproductive hormone demonstrated to have a variety of
prosocial effects in humans including enhancing trust and generosity, improving positive
communication, increasing eye gaze, and reducing anxiety. Oxytocin is hypothesized to
facilitate social behaviors via its modulation of motivational networks. With this study, the
investigators will characterize oxytocin's effects on the neural processing of salient
stimuli. The investigators will utilize a noninvasive brain imaging technique, functional
magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), to assess brain activity while participants perform tests
designed to engage neural circuits associated with the processing of social and non-social
stimuli.

Ongoing clinical trials are examining the use of intranasal oxytocin for the treatment of
multiple psychiatric disorders including substance dependence, depression, and schizophrenia;
disorders which reward system dysfunction appears to play a significant role. As such, it is
important that we obtain a better understanding of the neurobiological effects this drug may
have on reward circuitry functioning. To this end, in this study, we will examine healthy
control participants and participants diagnosed with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD).

Inclusion Criteria:

1. 18-45 years of age at the time of screening

Exclusion Criteria:

2. Participants unable to tolerate the scanning procedures or would be unfit for scanning
purposes (e.g. metal implants, claustrophobic, unable to lie still for the duration of
the scan)

3. Psychiatric Illness Criteria:

1. Controls: No current or past history of psychiatric illness, including substance
use disorder (except nicotine)

2. AUD: No history of, or current, psychotic disorder, antisocial personality
disorder, or bipolar disorder, or concurrent post-traumatic stress disorder. Must
meet DSM-5 criteria for current moderate-to-severe AUD, abstinent from alcohol
for 2-8 weeks prior to study enrollment, express a desire to achieve abstinence
or to greatly reduce alcohol consumption

4. Illicit Drug Use

1. Control: Any reported current (within the last 2 months) use of any category of
illicit drugs

2. Patients: Dependence (moderate to severe) to any other substance within the last
2 months other than alcohol or nicotine

5. Any current or past history of any serious medical or neurological illness

6. Acute or uncorrected medical illnesses, including history of hepatic or renal
dysfunction, hyponatremia, traumatic brain injury, atrophic rhinitis, recurrent nose
bleeds, and cranial-surgical procedures (hypophysectomy).

7. Abnormal MRI (except if due to technical factors)

8. Female subjects who are pregnant, trying to become pregnant, or nursing

9. Known allergies to oxytocin or to preservatives in the nasal spray

10. Participants reporting use of an intranasal medication in the past two weeks

11. Participants taking medications including any current treatment with antipsychotics,
antidepressants, mood stabilizers, psychostimulants and psychostimulant appetite
suppressants, or past treatment with isoniazid, glucocorticoids, centrally active
antihypertensive drugs (e.g., clonidine, reserpine), or sedative hypnotic medications
(e.g. benzodiazepines, barbiturates, within 1 week prior to study enrollment).
Treatment within six months with any of the following: hormone use (i.e. testosterone,
DHEA), opioid drugs.

12. Unable to comply with study procedures or protocols