Inflammatory Cytokines Associated With Perinatal Brain Injury

Inflammatory cytokines [interleukin-1 (IL-1β), IL-8, IL-9, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),
and RANTES] but not anti-inflammatory cytokines released during the perinatal period have
been associated with the development of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) and cerebral palsy
(CP) in near term and term infants. However, because blood samples were obtained on any day
between day 1 and 18, these data cannot distinguish between prenatal and postnatal effects on
neurological outcome. Furthermore, very low birth weight infants who are at the highest risk
have not been studies.

The goal of this study was to measure pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels
at various times in the perinatal period (at birth up to day of life 21), since they may be
elevated at different points in the disease process. Blood samples (whole blood spots, dried
on filter paper) were obtained on day 1 within 4 hours after birth, and on days 3, 7, 14, and
21. Neurodevelopmental assessments were conducted at 18-22 months corrected age.

Inclusion Criteria:

- Infants 401-1,000 grams at birth

Exclusion Criteria:

- >72 hours of age