Rapid Identification and Phenotypic Susceptibility Testing for Gram-Negative Bacteremia

RAPIDS-GN is a multi-center, prospective, randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the
following strategies for patients with confirmed gram-negative bacillus bacteremia (GNB):

1. Standard culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST); or

2. Rapid identification and AST using the Accelerate PhenoTest™ BC Kit, performed on the
Accelerate Pheno™ System (AXDX)

Patient specimens with positive blood culture with Gram stain showing GNB identified during
local laboratory business hours will be enrolled by the Microbiology Laboratory Technologist
if they do not meet any exclusion criteria. Subject specimens will be randomized 1:1 to
standard culture and AST or Rapid identification and AST using the FDA approved Accelerate
Pheno TM System. Both groups will receive standard antimicrobial stewardship (AS). The
primary service, including the prescribing provider, will be unaware of group assignment at
the time of randomization, so initial antibiotic choice will not be affected by group
assignment. Once rapid results become available and/or AS interventions are made, treating
providers may become aware of group assignment.

The goal of this study is to determine the impact of rapid bacterial identification and
phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) on antimicrobial usage and clinical
outcomes.

Inclusion Criteria:

- Positive blood culture with Gram stain showing GNB identified during local laboratory
business hours.

Exclusion Criteria:

- Identification of GNB outside of local laboratory business hours (e.g. whenever
laboratories are staffed to perform both rapid testing and routine testing)

- Positive blood culture for GNB at the same institution within prior 7 days (if known
at the time of randomization).

- Deceased at the time of randomization.

- GNB plus gram-positive organism, gram-negative cocci, and/or yeast detected on Gram
stain

- Previous enrollment in this study

- No Minnesota research authorization (Rochester site only)