Fatty Acid Metabolism and Insulin Sensitivity: the Role of Endurance Exercise
| Status: | Completed |
|---|---|
| Conditions: | Neurology, Endocrine |
| Therapuetic Areas: | Endocrinology, Neurology |
| Healthy: | No |
| Age Range: | 18 - 45 |
| Updated: | 10/18/2017 |
| Start Date: | June 2003 |
| End Date: | January 2007 |
Clearly the effects of diet and exercise are beneficial for obese persons, but the underlying
mechanisms for the improvements in metabolic health are not completely clear. Although
mounting evidence suggests that alterations in lipid metabolism in persons with abdominal
obesity are associated with a several medical complications, including diabetes, little is
known about the factors responsible for this effect. The project in this application is
designed to examine how the addition of endurance exercise training to a weight-loss program
alters whole-body fatty acid availability, uptake, and oxidation as well as the expression of
cellular factors that regulate these processes. In addition, we will evaluate whether these
alterations are associated with improvements in insulin sensitivity. In the end, these
experiments will provide insight into the cellular and whole-body adaptations in fatty acid
metabolism in response to weight-loss and exercise training that may lead to enhancement of
insulin sensitivity. Identifying relationships between gene expression, whole-body fatty acid
metabolism and clinical outcome measurements, such as insulin sensitivity, may lead to
improvements in the therapeutic and/or the preventative approach to obesity and its
co-morbidities.
mechanisms for the improvements in metabolic health are not completely clear. Although
mounting evidence suggests that alterations in lipid metabolism in persons with abdominal
obesity are associated with a several medical complications, including diabetes, little is
known about the factors responsible for this effect. The project in this application is
designed to examine how the addition of endurance exercise training to a weight-loss program
alters whole-body fatty acid availability, uptake, and oxidation as well as the expression of
cellular factors that regulate these processes. In addition, we will evaluate whether these
alterations are associated with improvements in insulin sensitivity. In the end, these
experiments will provide insight into the cellular and whole-body adaptations in fatty acid
metabolism in response to weight-loss and exercise training that may lead to enhancement of
insulin sensitivity. Identifying relationships between gene expression, whole-body fatty acid
metabolism and clinical outcome measurements, such as insulin sensitivity, may lead to
improvements in the therapeutic and/or the preventative approach to obesity and its
co-morbidities.
Despite robust findings emphasizing the importance of weight-loss and exercise for the
prevention and management of insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes, the mechanisms
responsible for the improvements in metabolic health are not completely understood. Mounting
evidence suggests that abnormalities in fatty acid metabolism in persons with abdominal
obesity are associated with insulin resistance. Alterations in fatty acid mobilization and
oxidation may be primary adaptations responsible for the improvements in metabolic health
after weight-loss and endurance exercise training. We hypothesize that a disparity between
muscle fatty acid uptake and oxidation is regulated by the expression of genes and proteins
that participate in intracellular transport, trafficking, and metabolism of fatty acids. We
believe that alterations in the expression of these factors in response to weight-loss and
endurance exercise training will underlie changes in the non-oxidative disposal of fatty
acids, and thereby improve insulin sensitivity. We will determine the effects of weight-loss
and exercise training on whole-body fatty acid mobilization and oxidation and the expression
of factors that regulate these processes in skeletal muscle. In addition, we will evaluate
how these alterations are associated with improvements in insulin sensitivity. These studies
will provide insight into how cellular alterations with weight-loss and exercise training and
the accompanying changes in whole-body fatty acid metabolism may lead to improvements in
metabolic health.
prevention and management of insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes, the mechanisms
responsible for the improvements in metabolic health are not completely understood. Mounting
evidence suggests that abnormalities in fatty acid metabolism in persons with abdominal
obesity are associated with insulin resistance. Alterations in fatty acid mobilization and
oxidation may be primary adaptations responsible for the improvements in metabolic health
after weight-loss and endurance exercise training. We hypothesize that a disparity between
muscle fatty acid uptake and oxidation is regulated by the expression of genes and proteins
that participate in intracellular transport, trafficking, and metabolism of fatty acids. We
believe that alterations in the expression of these factors in response to weight-loss and
endurance exercise training will underlie changes in the non-oxidative disposal of fatty
acids, and thereby improve insulin sensitivity. We will determine the effects of weight-loss
and exercise training on whole-body fatty acid mobilization and oxidation and the expression
of factors that regulate these processes in skeletal muscle. In addition, we will evaluate
how these alterations are associated with improvements in insulin sensitivity. These studies
will provide insight into how cellular alterations with weight-loss and exercise training and
the accompanying changes in whole-body fatty acid metabolism may lead to improvements in
metabolic health.
Inclusion Criteria:
- Female
- Age = 18-45
- Premenopausal
- Body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2
- Waist circumference ≥ 100 cm
Exclusion Criteria:
- Evidence of metabolic or cardiovascular disease
- Pregnancy
- Allergies to soybeans or eggs
- Hyperlipidemia (fasting plasma triglyceride concentration > 125 mg/dl)
- Hematocrit < 34%
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