Employment-based Reinforcement to Motivate Drug Abstinence in the Treatment of Drug Addiction. - 2

The current study is a continuation of the research into the development and evaluation of a
novel treatment designed to address the chronic, persistent nature of drug addiction. This
treatment, called the Therapeutic Workplace, integrates abstinence reinforcement
contingencies of proven efficacy into a model supported work program. Participants were paid
to work or to train in the Therapeutic Workplace but had to provide drug-free urine samples
to gain daily access. Forty participants were randomly assigned to a Therapeutic Workplace or
usual care control group. Therapeutic Workplace participants could work for about 5 years.
This study reports the effects of the intervention over a follow-up period of 8 years after
treatment initiation.

Inclusion Criteria:

- When originally enrolled in the study, participants were at least 18 years old,
unemployed, and methadone maintenance patients of the Center for Addiction and
Pregnancy (CAP) who continued to use opiates or cocaine during CAP treatment.

Exclusion Criteria:

- Participants were excluded if they were at risk for suicide at the time of intake or
if they had serious psychiatric illness (e.g., schizophrenia).