Safety and Feasibility Study of Autologous Engineered Urethral Constructs for the Treatment of Strictures

This is a Phase I clinical study to determine the safety and efficacy of using autologous,
engineered urethral constructs for the treatment of urethral strictures in adult males.

The proposed study design is a prospective non-randomized and uncontrolled single-center
investigation. Autologous urothelial cells (UCs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs), obtained
from enrolled male subjects' bladder tissue samples, will be culture expanded in vitro and
used to seed tubular Polyglycolic Acid (PGA) scaffolds to create autologous urethral
constructs for the repair of urethral strictures.

Male patients, aged 21-65 years old, seen in the Wake Forest Baptist Health urology clinic,
referred to or self-referred to the study team, with recurrent urethral stricture, previously
treated with dilation, internal urethrotomy, or urethroplasty, will be approached and offered
consent to participate in in the trial. Up to 20 men may undergo screening procedures to
identify 10 eligible subjects meeting all inclusion and exclusion criteria. All eligible
subjects will undergo full thickness bladder tissue biopsies at Wake Forest Baptist Medical
Center in Winston-Salem, North Carolina to obtain UCs and SMCs, which will be cultured and
expanded and then seeded on tubular PGA scaffolds. Approximately 6 weeks after biopsy, the
subjects will return to undergo surgical removal of the stricture and implant of the urethral
construct. Subjects will be followed through 36 months.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Stricture of the anterior urethra meeting the following criteria:

1. History of at least one previously failed attempt at conservative management, at
least 6 months prior to study.

2. Urethral stricture of 10-60 mm in length, as determined by urethrography.

3. Contains at least 1 strictured segment through which a 16 Fr flexible cystoscope
cannot be atraumatically passed.

2. Patients must be available for all follow-up visits.

3. Ability to speak English.

Exclusion Criteria:

Any of the following is regarded as a criterion for excluding a subject from the study:

1. Strictures of the meatus or prostatic urethra; any urethral stricture associated with
or suspected to be urethral carcinoma, or strictures due to pelvic distraction
injuries. Strictures <10 mm or >60 mm, as determined by urethrography, and criteria
for bulbar urethral strictures excluding those with strictures <20 mm and >60 mm, as
described by urethrography.

2. Presence of untreated urinary tract infection.

3. Presence or prior history of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (previously termed
'balanitis xerotica obliterans').

4. Uncontrolled bleeding disorder or patients with a platelet count less than 50,000,
hemophilia or patients routinely receiving blood products for bleeding disorders.

5. Any urological condition that would be likely to require additional urethral
instrumentation during the period of investigation, including, but not limited to
benign prostatic hyperplasia requiring treatment, use of alpha blockers, active
prostate cancer, an unevaluated elevated prostate surface antigen (PSA), bladder
cancer, or any recurrent urinary stone formation. Patients with evidence or diagnosis
of any coagulation disorder (including concomitant anti-coagulation therapy at
enrollment).

6. Serum creatinine > 2.0 mg/dl or evidence of progressive renal disease.

7. Patients with abnormal urologic conditions, including vesicoureteral reflux, bladder
stones, bladder tumors and renal impairment.

8. Subjects with an alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
value >3 times the upper limit of normal.

9. Subjects with an albumin value <3.0 g/dL.

10. Subjects with uncontrolled diabetes, unstable cardiac and/or pulmonary disorders.

11. Subjects with active tuberculosis (TB) requiring treatment in the past 3 years.
Subjects with a current positive (≥5 mm induration for high-risk subjects; otherwise
≥10 mm of induration) purified protein derivative (PPD) test are excluded unless they
have completed a full course of treatment for latent TB and have a negative chest
x-ray film at enrollment.

12. Subjects known to be colonized with either methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) or vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), or gentamicin-resistant organisms.

13. Immunocompromised subjects or subjects receiving immunosuppressive agents (inhaled
corticosteroids and chronic low-dose corticosteroids [≤0.25 mg/kg prednisone or
equivalent per day] are permitted).

14. Any history of alcohol and/or drug abuse.

15. Current smoker.

16. Documented history of, or positive result of HIV, Hepatitis B or C, or any infectious
disease. External signs, sequelae, or positive serology of sexually transmitted
disease (including HPV). Patients with a history of systemic conditions, including but
not limited to HIV, diabetes and chronic liver disease (including Hepatitis B or C),
that the Investigator believes may jeopardize the safety of the patient to participate
in the study.

17. Concurrent participation in any other clinical investigation during the period of this
investigation. Patients who have been treated with any other investigational drug or
participated in any investigational study within 30 days prior to enrollment in this
study.

18. Any current illness that might confound the results of this investigation, including
but not limited to bladder atonia, neuropathic/neurogenic bladder, bladder outlet
obstruction (other than urethral stricture), sphincteric dysfunction, or spinal cord
injury.

19. Any circumstance in which the investigator deems participation in the study is not in
the subject's best interest.

20. Inability to participate in all necessary study activities due to physical or mental
limitations.

21. Inability or unwillingness to return for all required follow-up visits.

22. Inability or unwillingness to sign informed consent.

23. Patients requiring concomitant use of or treatment with immunosuppressive agents.

24. Patients with neurological disorders (e.g., multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease).