Development of Reward Processing in Prenatally Exposed Adolescents and Young Adults

This cohort will be drawn from a pre-existing cohort of individuals recruited as part of an
already existing study, and who have been followed since birth. Reward processing will be
measured in two temporally close testing sessions involving two methodologies,
electrophysiology and fMRI. Information will also be collected pertaining to experimental and
problematic drug use, as well as information about mood, at the recording sessions. Drug use
and mood information will then be collected once again in quarterly follow-up sessions for
one year. The goal is to examine if PCE status and reward processing are risk factors for
problematic drug abuse and risky behaviors in emerging adulthood, and if these factors
interact to increase such risk.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Ability to provide written informed consent and to comply with all study procedures.

2. Healthy emerging adults between 18-20 years of age (the age of the currently followed
sample at the time of the proposed start date).

Exclusion Criteria:

- 1. A serious neurological or endocrine disorder or any medical condition or treatment
known to affect the brain. 2. A medical condition that requires treatment with a
medication with psychotropic effects.

3. Evidence of stroke or space occupying lesions observed on conventional, clinical MR
images.

4. Any contraindications to MRI scanning (i.e., metal implants, pacemakers, etc.) 5.
History of loss of consciousness (LOC) for longer than 30 minutes or LOC with any
neurological sequelae.

6. DSM-5 criteria for intellectual disability. 7. Current or a history of active
neurological or psychiatric disorders, such as psychosis, bipolar illness, major
depression, organic brain disease, dementia or DSM-V Axis I Psychiatric Disorder,
including current alcohol or substance disorders. Participants will not be excluded
for substance or alcohol use, only the presence of substance disorders.

8. Current pregnancy. Female participants will be excluded if they report being
currently pregnant or present positive for pregnancy after being given a urine test at
the time of recruitment or scanning. If they become pregnant during the one-year
follow-up duration of the study after the MRI scan is completed, they will remain in
the study for the quarterly follow-ups and be referred to pre-natal care if they have
not begun such care already.