Efficacy and Safety of Tranexamic Acid in Spinal Fusion Surgery

Inclusion Criteria:

- All adult patients (Male or Female) over age eighteen (>18) electively undergoing
complex spinal fusion surgery (defined as T2 to Pelvis/Sacrum and greater than 4
Functional Spinal Units (4 discs/motion segments=5 Vertebral segments).

- Female subjects of childbearing potential with a negative serum (beta human chorionic
gonadotropin [HCG]) pregnancy test at screening and urine pregnancy test at each
admission; who are not breastfeeding; do not plan to become pregnant during the course
of the study; and agree to use an approved method of birth control, such as condoms,
foams, jellies, diaphragm, intrauterine device, sexual abstinence for at least 3
months prior to study

- Able to provide written informed consent after risks and benefits of the study have
been explained

- Able to communicate effectively with study personnel.

Exclusion Criteria:

- History or presence of any clinically significant (based on the Investigator's
judgment) cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic, hepatic, gastrointestinal, renal,
hematological, dermatological, neurological, or psychiatric disease or condition
preventing the use of tranexamic acid

- History of renal failure or elevated creatinine above 1.4

- Any diagnosis of spinal tumor or intradural pathology

- Diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis

- History or presence of acquired disturbance of color vision

- History of seizures

- History of thromboembolic event (DVT or PE) within the past year

- Current use of anticoagulant medications or past medical history leading to an
abnormal coagulation profile preoperatively

- Subjects diagnosed with fibrinolytic disorders requiring intra-operative
antifibrinolytic treatment; hematological disease (thromboembolic events,
hemoglobinopathy, coagulopathy, or hemolytic disease)

- Significant drug sensitivity or significant allergic reaction to any drug, including
tranexamic acid, based on the Investigator's judgment

- A subject who has donated or lost 450 mL or more blood volume (including
plasmaphoresis) or had a transfusion of any product within 3 months prior to the
initial study drug administration

- Pre-operative anemia (hb <110 in females, Hb <120 in males)

- Any subject that chooses to refuse blood products for ethical or religious purposes
(Jehovah's Witness)

- Current participation in a drug or other investigational research study or
participation within 30 days prior to the initial study drug administration

- A subject who may not be able to comply with the safety monitoring requirements of
this clinical trial or is considered by the investigator, for any reason, to be an
unsuitable candidate for the study.

- Intraoperative cardiovascular, pulmonary, orthopedic, or anesthetic complication such
as myocardial infarction, intraoperative fracture, vasopressor support or emergent
intubation.

- Female patients who are using combination hormonal contraception.

- Patients with history of subarachnoid hemorrhage.

- Patients with serum creatinine above upper limit of normal (ULN).