Brain Correlates of Self-Focused Processing

First, the investigators propose to identify the neural correlates of self-focused
processing. The investigators will assess baseline resting state connectivity within the
default network, as well as regional brain activation using a well-validated event-related
fMRI task that manipulates self-focused processing in patients with body dysmorphic and
socially anxious symptoms, compared to healthy controls. This clinical sample was selected
because such patients display heightened self-focused attention, and sampling individuals
across these symptom dimensions will ensure greater variability on this dimension of
maladaptive self-focused processing. Second, the investigators will examine the neural
correlates of self-focused processing as a predictor of treatment response. Neuroimaging data
will be acquired from patients with body dysmorphic and socially anxious symptoms during two
scan sessions, before and after 12 weeks of individual cognitive behavioral therapy, and
compared with healthy controls scanned twice at a 12 week interval. Finally, the
investigators will compare the prediction of treatment response between neural measures and
behavioral measures of self-focused processing. The investigators will assess the behavioral
correlates of self-focused processing using a self-reference effect paradigm, and assess
their relation to treatment response. If the investigators hypotheses are borne out, the
investigators will have new targets for treatment, a method to identify promising candidates
for treatment, and sensitive surrogate markers of treatment response.

Inclusion Criteria:

- Men and women, age 22-45

- For patients: treatment-seeking individuals presenting with at least moderate levels
of social anxiety/body dysmorphic symptoms, and a score of at least 1 SD above the
mean on the public self-consciousness scale of the Self-Consciousness Scale- Revised

- For healthy controls only: no current or lifetime history of psychiatric disorders,
and score of below 1 SD of mean on the SCS-R

- Right-handed, as determined by the Handedness Inventory

- Fluent in English, and willing to provide informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

- Positive MR screen

- History of head injury, neurological disorder, or neurosurgical procedure

- Active suicidal or homicidal ideation

- Current or past manic/hypomanic episode or psychotic symptoms

- Active alcohol and substance dependence (as assessed by the SCID-5-RV

- Current use of psychotropic medications, except antidepressants taken at a stable dose
for 2 weeks, to maximize generalizability of sample

- Current CBT and/or formal mindfulness/meditation training

- History of more than 10 sessions of CBT and formal mindfulness/meditation training