Transfer of Grasp Control Across Hands After Stroke

Hemiparesis is the most common motor impairment after stroke. Persistent deficits in the
distal upper extremity lead to impaired hand function and disability in Activities of Daily
Living, accruing enormous costs in terms of health care services and lost productivity. The
mechanisms of recovery of hand motor function after stroke are poorly understood, and the
protocols used in clinical practice lack a solid scientific rationale. Prior work has shown
that grasping with the non-involved hand may assist in planning of grasp with the involved
hand after stroke. The goal of the proposed project is to investigate the type and nature of
information relayed across the hemispheres by prior manipulation with the non-involved hand
to improve planning and control of grasp with the involved hand. Psychophysical methods
using a grip instrument will be used to examine the type of information necessary for
planning of grasp, and quantitative surface electromyography will be used to investigate the
contribution of improved planning to neuromuscular control of grasp. Integration of these
methods in the study of grasp control will clarify the neural mechanisms underlying hand
dysfunction, and facilitate the development of rational therapeutic protocols for upper
extremity rehabilitation after stroke.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Previously right-handed subjects with hemiparesis and complaints of unilateral hand
dysfunction during grasping resulting from a single unilateral cerebral infarct in
the MCA territory affecting either the right or the left side of the brain at least 3
months prior to data collection

2. Previously right-handed healthy control subjects age-matched to the stroke patients

3. All subjects must have the ability to reach, grasp and lift the test object with both
extremities (stroke patients with the impaired extremity as well) and complete the
experimental protocol as assessed by the PI.

4. All subjects must score > 24 on the Folstein's mini-mental exam to screen out
significant cognitive dysfunction

5. Subjects must obtain MRI or CT scan images of their brain taken since their stroke,
or be willing to have a structural MRI or CT scan taken as part of this research
study.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Presence of clinically significant visual deficits, aphasia, neglect, or apraxia as
determined by clinical neurologic examination that may interfere with the research
protocol

2. Presence of sensory deficits in control subjects and in the non-involved hand of
stroke subjects on testing of two-point discrimination

3. History of surgery or other significant injury to the upper extremities

4. Botulinum toxin injections in the upper extremity musculature in the three months
prior to enrollment in the study.

5. Current treatment with intrathecal baclofen

6. Previous neurological illness such as head trauma, prior stroke, epilepsy,
demyelinating disease

7. Complicating medical problems such as uncontrolled, diabetes with polyneuropathy,
severe renal, cardiac or pulmonary disease, or any other severe concurrent medical
problem that will interfere with obtaining reliable results.