Molecular Effects of Vitamin B3 (Niacinamide) in Acute Kidney Injury

Inclusion criteria

1. All patients undergoing cardiac surgery with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass at high
risk for acute kidney injury. A Cleveland score of 6 or more is used to define
patients at high risk for acute kidney injury

2. Age ≥ 18

3. Signed informed consent

Exclusion criteria

1. Pre-existing acute kidney injury

2. Kidney transplantation

3. Off-pump heart surgery

4. Pregnancy

5. End stage renal disease

6. Pregnancy (female subjects of childbearing potential must have a negative serum
pregnancy test)

7. Subjects with any kind of dependency on the investigator (e.g. any subject who is
under direct supervision of the investigator/co-investigators or employed by the
investigator/co-investigators) 8 Subjects held in an institution by legal or official
order (e.g. subjects in jail, prison, juvenile offender facility, or treatment
facility including those who are in hospitals, alcohol, and drug treatment facilities
under court order, and individuals with psychiatric illnesses who have been committed
involuntarily to an institution)