Utilization of Confocal Microscopy During Cardiac Surgery

This is an interventional pilot study that proposes to evaluate the safety, logistical
feasibility, and technological feasibility of using Fluorescite with fiberoptic confocal
microscopy during cardiac surgery to discriminate between cardiac tissue and conduction
tissue. During surgery to repair atrial septal defect, diluted Fluorescite will be added to
the surface of the heart. The fiberoptic confocal microscope (Cellvizio 100 Series System
with Confocal Miniprobe) will be used to record images in several different locations of the
heart. The image files will be provided to blinded raters who will attempt to identify
whether they contain cardiac tissue or conduction tissue. All subjects will be monitored
while they are inpatient after surgery for any adverse events.

Inclusion Criteria:

- Males and females between 30 days and 17 years old

- Undergoing elective surgery for closure of atrial septal defect

- Both parents attend pre-operative clinic appointment, to provide 2 parent consent

Exclusion Criteria:

- Prior history of adverse reaction to fluorescein sodium

- Abnormal renal function defined as creatinine level > 1.5mg/dL