Imaging Activated Macrophages in the Lungs

Investigators intend to enroll patients who are undergoing bronchoscopy for diagnosis of
solitary pulmonary nodules from the Vanderbilt lung nodule evaluation clinic, including 30
patients with COPD and 15 non-smokers without COPD. Folate imaging will be performed with
68Ga-EC2115 prior to scheduled bronchoscopy, which will be performed for clinical purposes to
evaluate a suspicious lung nodule. The unused portion of the bronchoalveolar lavage (not
necessary for clinical purposes), will be interrogated to compare PET imaging with parameters
of inflammation in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). In addition, PET imaging data will be
compared with disease severity based on pulmonary function testing.

Inclusion Criteria:

- 50-75 years of age

- Non-smoker or former smoker (quit > 1 year ago)

- Pulmonary function testing done within last 2 years

- For COPD group, forced expiratory volume at one second/forced vital capacity
(FEV1/FVC) ratio < 0.7 and FEV1 < 80% predicted.

- For control group, FEV1/FVC ratio > 0.7 and FEV1 > 80% predicted.

- Scheduled to undergo bronchoscopy for diagnostic evaluation of solitary pulmonary
nodule (< 3 cm in diameter)

Exclusion Criteria:

- Inability to provide informed consent

- Pregnant or lactating women. (Serum pregnancy testing will be required for
pre-menopausal women within 24 hours of PET scanning)

- Active smokers

- Diagnosis of chronic lung disease other than COPD, i.e. - asthma, idiopathic pulmonary
fibrosis

- History of diagnosis or treatment of lung cancer