Three Dimensional Imaging and Wireless Technologies to Enhance Medical Care in Space

In its Bioastronautics Critical Path Roadmap Baseline Document, NASA has outlined the most
urgent threats to life and health in manned spaceflight currently in need of countermeasures
development. This proposal specifically addresses one of four critical risks directly, that
being the risk of trauma and acute medical problems, ID# 43 in the Clinical Capabilities
discipline area. Critical for the provision of acute and chronic medical services in space
is the availability of high quality diagnostic imaging, with either ground-based or
autonomous interpretation. While development of novel sensor technology is actively pursued
within the NSBRI, it is clear that for the foreseeable future, the principal diagnostic
imaging modality for crew use in space will be ultrasound. For the past six years, the
Cleveland Clinic has worked with NASA and NSBRI in a comprehensive program to develop
ultrasonographic capabilities for use in manned space flight. Recent work has focused on
enhancement of these capabilities, including 3D imaging and novel compression and
registration techniques for assessing change over time in ultrasonic images. We now propose
to extend these capabilities in very significant ways, capitalizing on dramatic recent
advances in telecommunications and computerization to better address the critical
countermeasures identified. Among the convergent trends in ultrasound that we seek to
capitalize on are the following: most commonly applied diagnostic imaging test;
Miniaturization; file storage; telemedicine; wireless telemetry; therapeutic use; real-time
3D.

We propose to extend our work with the following Specific Aims:

1. Extension of our longstanding research in 3D ultrasound with a recently developed third
generation machine small enough to fit on the ISS, allowing more comprehensive imaging
to be done with less operator expertise.

2. Utilization of a ultrafast 3D CT scanner to acquire full body 3D images for
segmentation and registration with subsequently acquired 3D ultrasound images,
modelling future missions for ground-based 3D CT or MRI could provide a template to
judge physiologic or pathologic changes observed in space with 3D ultrasound.

Inclusion Criteria:

- Aortic regurgitation or aortic stenosis and scheduled for repair or replacement