Zoledronate, Vitamin D, and Calcium With or Without Strontium 89 or Samarium 153 in Preventing or Delaying Bone Problems in Patients With Bone Metastases From Prostate Cancer, Lung Cancer, or Breast Cancer

OBJECTIVES:

Primary

- Compare the efficacy of zoledronate, vitamin D, and calcium with or without strontium
chloride Sr 89 or samarium Sm 153 lexidronam pentasodium, in terms of preventing or
delaying the time to development of malignant skeletal-related events (SREs) (defined as
a pathological bone fracture, spinal cord compression, surgery to bone, or radiation to
bone) in patients with bone metastases secondary to prostate, lung, or breast cancer.

Secondary

- Compare the rate of SREs at 1 year in patients treated with these regimens.

- Compare overall survival of patients treated with these regimens.

- Compare quality of life of patients treated with these regimens.

- Compare the effect of these regimens on pain control in these patients.

- Evaluate resource utilization and cost effectiveness of these regimens.

OUTLINE: This is a randomized, open-label, multicenter study. Patients are stratified
according to primary disease site (prostate vs breast vs lung) and number of bone metastases
(≤ 2 vs > 2). Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms.

- Arm I: Patients receive zoledronate IV over 15 minutes once a month. Patients also
receive oral vitamin D and oral calcium once daily. Treatment continues in the absence
of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

- Arm II: Patients receive zoledronate, vitamin D, and calcium as in arm I. Within 6 weeks
of beginning study treatment, patients also receive a single dose of either strontium
chloride Sr 89 IV or samarium Sm 153 lexidronam pentasodium IV.

Quality of life and pain are assessed at baseline and then at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months from
start of protocol treatment.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed every 6 months.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 352 patients will be accrued for this study.

DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS:

- Histologically or cytologically confirmed lung, breast, or prostate cancer

- Bone metastases, meeting both of the following criteria:

- Must be visible on bone scan performed within the past 4 weeks

- No painful bone metastases unless successfully treated (i.e., by external-beam
irradiation) prior to study entry AND the patient has stable pain* for at least 2
weeks after that treatment NOTE: *Stable pain is defined as a patient response of
1, 2, or 3 on Questions 4 and 5 of The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI)

- No untreated or symptomatic brain metastases

- No spinal cord compression

- Hormone receptor status not specified

PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS:

- Zubrod performance status (PS) 0-2 (for patients with primary breast or prostate
cancer) OR Zubrod PS 0-1 (for patients with primary lung cancer)

- White blood cell count (WBC) ≥ 2,400/mm³

- Absolute neutrophil count ≥ 1,800/mm³

- Platelet count ≥ 60,000/mm³

- Hemoglobin ≥ 8.0 g/dL (transfusion allowed)

- Creatinine < 3.0 mg/dL

- Bilirubin < 2.5 mg/dL

- Not pregnant or nursing

- Negative pregnancy test

- Fertile patients must use effective contraception

- No uncontrolled congestive heart failure within the past 6 months

- No hypertension refractory to treatment within the past 6 months

- No symptomatic coronary artery disease within the past 6 months

- No current, active dental problems within the past 4 weeks, including any of the
following:

- Infection of the teeth or jawbone (maxilla or mandible)

- Dental or fixture trauma

- Prior or current diagnosis of osteonecrosis of the jaw

- Exposed bone in the mouth

- Slow healing after dental procedures

- No known AIDS

- HIV testing is not required

PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY:

- See Disease Characteristics

- Prior oral bisphosphonate therapy (i.e. alendronate sodium or similar) allowed

- No prior IV bisphosphonates for a treatment duration of > 6 months

- At least 2 weeks since prior calcitonin, mithramycin, or gallium nitrate

- At least 2 weeks since prior external-beam radiotherapy

- At least 6 weeks since prior and no concurrent dental surgery (e.g., extractions or
implants)

- No prior radioisotope therapy for bone metastasis

- Concurrent systemic chemotherapy* or hormonal therapy allowed

- Chemotherapy and/or hormonal therapy should not be changed within 14 days prior
to start of protocol treatment (arm I)

- No other concurrent bisphosphonate NOTE: *Chemotherapy must be held 2 weeks before and
for at least 2 weeks after radiopharmaceutical administration (arm II)