Post-Exercise Cardiovascular Responses Following Energy Drink Consumption

Inclusion Criteria:

- Participants at DGMC: Healthy male and female, active duty military service members or
DoD beneficiaries, who are eligible to receive care at DGMC. Participants at CSUS:
Healthy male and female CSUS students.

- Ages 18-40 years old

- Participants must be willing to refrain from caffeine and energy drink use 48 hours
prior to study days.

Exclusion Criteria:

- Cardiovascular risk factors: Heart rhythm other than normal sinus, history of atrial
or ventricular arrhythmia, family history of premature sudden cardiac death before the
age of 60, left ventricular hypertrophy, atherosclerosis, hypertension, palpitations,
T-wave abnormalities, baseline corrected QT (QTc) interval greater than 440
milliseconds(msec). This will be determined on the ECG obtained during initial
screening appointment, and reviewed by cardiologist and through the questionnaire
responses of the participant.

- Blood pressure at initial screening appointment or at baseline on study Day 1 greater
than 130/80

- Presence of any known medical condition, confirmed through participant interview.
Examples of these are:

- Hypertension

- Thyroid disease

- Type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus

- Recurrent headaches

- Depression, currently receiving treatment (due to possible drug interactions)

- Any psychiatric condition or neurological disorder

- History of alcohol or drug abuse in the previous five years

- Ever been diagnosed or told they have or had renal or hepatic dysfunction

- Concurrent use of ANY medication taken on a daily basis, to include herbal products or
supplements. Daily basis is defined as greater than two days per week.

- Pregnant or lactating females will be excluded from participation with urine dipstick
tests used to confirm pregnancy (pregnancy test performed before each treatment
session).

- All non-English speaking / writing subjects and those that do not understand the study
or consent process will be excluded from the study due to unavailability of medical
qualified translator at all times during the study.

- If the subject refuses to sign the informed consent document or HIPAA Authorization,
they will be excluded as well.