Use of Ixmyelocel-T (Formerly Catheter-based Cardiac Repair Cell [CRC]) Treatment in Patients With Heart Failure Due to Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Heart failure remains a major public health problem, affecting 5 million patients in the US,
with 550,000 new diagnoses made each year (Hunt SA; et al., 2005). Heart failure is the
leading cause of hospitalization in persons over 65 years of age with cost exceeding $29
billion annually. Prognosis is very poor once a patient has been hospitalized with heart
failure. The mortality risk after heart failure hospitalization is 11.3% at 30 days, 33.1% at
1 year and well over 50% within 5 years (Hunt SA; et al., 2005). These numbers emphasize the
need to develop and implement more effective treatments to manage heart failure.

Aastrom is targeting a subset of heart failure patient population, namely those diagnosed
with dilated cardiomyopathy. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines dilated
cardiomyopathy (DCM) as a cardiac condition wherein a ventricular chamber exhibits increased
diastolic and systolic volume and a low (<40%) ejection fraction (Manolio TA; et al., 1992;
Towbin JA; et al., 2006). DCM is reported to affect 108,000 to 150,000 patients in the United
States (Richardson P; et al., 1996; Towbin JA; et al., 2006).

This study is a prospective, stratified, randomized, open-label, controlled, multi-center
study to assess the safety profile and the efficacy of CRCs administered via catheter in
treating patients with DCM. Two strata will be used: ischemic (IDCM) and non-ischemic
(NIDCM). Within each stratum, patients will be randomized to receive either CRC treatment or
control in a 2:1 ratio (8 patients per CRC treatment group and 4 patients per control group).
It will enroll a total of 24 patients at 2 sites in the U.S.

Inclusion Criteria:

- Diagnosis of ischemic or non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy according to WHO
criteria. Ischemic: DCM in a patient with a history of myocardial infarction or
evidence of clinically significant (>/= 70% narrowing of a major epicardial artery)
coronary artery disease. Non-ischemic: Dilation and impaired contraction of left
ventricle or both ventricles of idiopathic, familial/genetic, viral and/or immune,
toxic origin, or associated with recognized cardiovascular disease in which the degree
of myocardial dysfunction is not explained by normal loading conditions or the extent
of ischemic damage.

- No other cardiac surgery or percutaneous cardiac interventions likely to produce
clinical improvement, as determined by an interventional cardiologist (for PTCA) and a
cardiothoracic surgeon (for CABG). This condition is satisfied in patients w/chronic
ischemic disease who have previously been successfully revascularized but have failed
to show clinical improvement. All patients who are candidates for revascularization
are ineligible for participation.

- LVEF
- Symptomatic heart failure in NYHA class III or IV.

- Able to comply with scheduled visits in cardiac out-patient clinic.

- Able to tolerate study procedures, including bone marrow aspiration, cardiac CT,
metabolic stress test,6 minute walk test.

- Males and females, 18-86 years of age.

- Life expectancy of 6 months or more in the opinion of the investigator.

- Able to give informed consent.

- Normal organ and marrow function (Leukocytes >/= 3,000/microgram, Absolute neutrophil
count >/= 1,500/microgram, Platelets >/= 140,000/microgram, AST(SGOT)/ALT (SGPT) 2.5 X institutional standards range and Creatinine
- Controlled blood pressure (systolic blood pressure into the study.

- Stable, standard medical therapy for DCM for at least 1 month with NO new medications
to treat the disease introduced in the last 3 months. Standard medical therapy
includes: Placement of AICD unless contraindicated (refusal of AICD not considered
valid contraindication), use of ACE inhibitors and/or AT-1 receptor blockers as well
as loop diuretics unless contraindicated and, depending on the type of heart failure
associated with the disease, standard therapy may also include use of vasodilators,
beta blockers, digoxin, and aldosterone or other medications.

- Pre-existing conditions are adequately controlled in the opinion of the investigator.

- Fertile patients must agree to use an appropriate form of contraception while
participating in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

- Severe primary valvular heart disease including, but not limited to, aortic valve
stenosis and insufficiency.

- Known history of COPD defined as Gold stage IIB (FEV1/FVC<70% with 30% predicted, with or without chronic symptoms of cough, sputum production, dyspnea) or
more severe or restrictive pulmonary disease.

- Known history of primary pulmonary hypertension.

- VAD implantation.

- Myocardial infarction within 4 weeks prior to randomization.

- History of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia, except if an AICD is implanted.

- Unstable angina, characterized by increasingly frequent episodes with modest exertion
or at rest, worsening severity, and prolonged duration.

- Patients at high risk for complications due to injection procedure (e.g. patients who
have severe peripheral atherosclerotic disease that does not allow advancement of the
catheter; patients who have a prosthetic aortic or mitral valve; patients who have a
LV thrombus or aneurysm; patients who have an aortic dissection or aneurysm, etc.).

- Patients w/poorly controlled diabetes mellitus (HbAlc>9.0%).

- Patients receiving treatment with hematopoietic growth factors (e.g. EPO, G-CSF).

- Patients who require uninterruptible anticoagulation therapy (e.g. warfarin)that
cannot be stopped for 72 hours prior to bone marrow aspiration and intramyocardial
injections; OR patients receiving anti-platelet therapy (e.g. clopidogrel) that cannot
be stopped for 7 days prior to bone marrow aspiration and transendocardial injections,
unless contraindicated.

- Known cancer and undergoing treatment including chemotherapy and radiation.

- Patients requiring continuous, systemic, high dose corticosteroid therapy (more than
7.5 mg/day) within 1 month before aspiration or 6 months after injection procedure.

- End stage renal disease requiring dialysis.

- Patients pregnant or lactating; positive for hCG

- History of alcohol consumption regularly exceeding the equivalent of 2 drinks/day (1
drink = 5 oz of wine or 12 oz [360mL] of beer or 1.5 oz [45mL]) of hard liquor or
history of illicit drug use w/in 6 months of screening.

- Known allergies to protein products (horse or bovine serum, or porcine trypsin) used
in the ex-vivo cell production process.

- BMI of 40 Kg/m2 or greater.

- Patients receiving experimental medications or participating in another clinical study
within 30 days of screening.

- HIV or syphilis, positive at time of screening.

- Active Hepatitis B or Hepatitis C infection at the time of screening.

- Patient determined unsuitable for cellular therapy, in the opinion of the investigator
or sponsor.

- Patients receiving anti-angiogenic drugs (e.g. anti-VEGF).

- Known allergy or sensitivity to contrast agents used in imaging procedures.

- Minimum LV wall thickness of less than 6mm as determined by ECHO.