Pembrolizumab in Treating Participants With Leukoplakia

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. Clinical response rate at 6 months? percent of patients with complete response and partial
response at 6 months.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. Histologic response rate at 6 months. II. Change in clinical impression based on
photographs of the lesion. III. Clinical response rate at 9 months and 12 months. IV.
Toxicity.

EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES:

I. PD-L1 expression in leukoplakia lesions and biomarker analysis.

OUTLINE:

Participants receive pembrolizumab intravenously (IV) over 30 minutes on day 1. Courses
repeat every 3 weeks for 6 months in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable
toxicity.

After completion of study treatment, participants are followed up at 30 days and every 3
months for 2 years.

Inclusion Criteria:

- Be willing and able to provide written informed consent/assent for the trial.

- Subjects must have leukoplakia, erythroleukoplakia or proliferative verrucous
leukoplakia (PVL) with lesions measurable in 2 dimensions, not amenable to surgical
resection or radiation or who have refused surgery or radiation. Patients must have at
least 1 lesion that can be followed on treatment. (Patients who have undergone
complete excision of lesions and are clinically without evidence of disease will not
be eligible for study.)

- Evidence of moderate or severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ.

- Baseline biopsy specimen available for biomarker analysis or willingness to undergo
fresh baseline biopsy.

- Willingness to consent to photographs of lesions.

- Willingness to undergo biopsy at 6 months.

- Have a performance status of 0 or 1 on the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG)
performance scale.

- Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1,500 /mcL within 10 days of treatment initiation.

- Platelets >= 100,000/mcL within 10 days of treatment initiation.

- Hemoglobin >= 9 g/dL or >= 5.6 mmol/L without transfusion or erythropoietin (EPO)
dependency (within 7 days of assessment).

- Serum creatinine =< 1.5 X upper limit of normal (ULN) OR measured or calculated
creatinine clearance (CrCl) >= 60 mL/min for subject with creatinine levels > 1.5 X
institutional ULN within 10 days of treatment initiation. (Glomerular filtration rate
[GFR] can also be used in place of creatinine or CrCl).

- Creatinine clearance should be calculated per institutional standard.

- Serum total bilirubin =< 1.5 X ULN OR direct bilirubin =< ULN for subjects with total
bilirubin levels > 1.5 ULN within 10 days of treatment initiation.

- Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and
alanine aminotransferase (ALT) serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) =< 2.5 X
ULN OR =< 5 X ULN for subjects with liver metastases within 10 days of treatment
initiation.

- Albumin >= 2.5 mg/dL within 10 days of treatment initiation.

- International normalized ratio (INR) or prothrombin time (PT) =< 1.5 X ULN unless
subject is receiving anticoagulant therapy as long as PT or partial thromboplastin
time (PTT) is within therapeutic range of intended use of anticoagulants. (Within 10
days of treatment initiation.)

- Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) =< 1.5 X ULN unless subject is receiving
anticoagulant therapy as long as PT or PTT is within therapeutic range of intended use
of anticoagulants. (Within 10 days of treatment initiation.)

- Female subject of childbearing potential should have a negative urine or serum
pregnancy within 10 days prior to receiving the first dose of study medication. If the
urine test is positive or cannot be confirmed as negative, a serum pregnancy test will
be required.

- Female subjects of childbearing potential should be willing to use 2 methods of birth
control or be surgically sterile, or abstain from heterosexual activity for the course
of the study through 120 days after the last dose of study medication. Subjects of
childbearing potential are those who have not been surgically sterilized or have not
been free from menses for > 1 year.

- Male subjects should agree to use an adequate method of contraception starting with
the first dose of study therapy through 120 days after the last dose of study therapy.

Exclusion Criteria:

- Patients with leukoplakia, erythroleukoplakia or PVL who have only mild dysplasia or
hyperplasia are excluded.

- Is currently participating and receiving study therapy or has participated in a study
of an investigational agent and received study therapy or used an investigational
device within 4 weeks of the first dose of treatment.

- Has a diagnosis of immunodeficiency or is receiving systemic steroid therapy >
prednisone 10 mg daily or equivalent, or any other form of immunosuppressive therapy
within 7 days prior to the first dose of trial treatment.

- Has a known history of active TB (Bacillus tuberculosis).

- Hypersensitivity to pembrolizumab or any of its excipients.

- Has had a prior anti-cancer monoclonal antibody (mAb) within 4 weeks prior to study
day 1 or who has not recovered (i.e., =< grade 1 or at baseline) from adverse events
due to agents administered more than 4 weeks earlier.

- Has had prior chemotherapy, targeted small molecule therapy, or radiation therapy
within 2 weeks prior to study day 1 or who has not recovered (i.e., =< grade 1 or at
baseline) from adverse events due to a previously administered agent.

- Note: Subjects with =< grade 2 neuropathy are an exception to this criterion and
may qualify for the study.

- Note: If subject received major surgery, they must have recovered adequately from
the toxicity and/or complications from the intervention prior to starting
therapy.

- Has a known additional malignancy that is progressing or requires active treatment.
Exceptions include basal cell carcinoma of the skin or squamous cell carcinoma of the
skin that has undergone potentially curative therapy or in situ cervical cancer.

- Has known active central nervous system (CNS) metastases and/or carcinomatous
meningitis. Subjects with previously treated brain metastases may participate provided
they are stable (without evidence of progression by imaging for at least four weeks
prior to the first dose of trial treatment and any neurologic symptoms have returned
to baseline), have no evidence of new or enlarging brain metastases, and are not using
steroids for at least 7 days prior to trial treatment. This exception does not include
carcinomatous meningitis which is excluded regardless of clinical stability.

- Has active autoimmune disease that has required systemic treatment in the past 2 years
(i.e. with use of disease modifying agents, corticosteroids or immunosuppressive
drugs). Replacement therapy (e.g., thyroxine, insulin, or physiologic corticosteroid
replacement therapy for adrenal or pituitary insufficiency, etc.) is not considered a
form of systemic treatment.

- Has known history of, or any evidence of active, non-infectious pneumonitis.

- Has an active infection requiring systemic therapy.

- Has a history or current evidence of any condition, therapy, or laboratory abnormality
that might confound the results of the trial, interfere with the subject?s
participation for the full duration of the trial, or is not in the best interest of
the subject to participate, in the opinion of the treating investigator.

- Has known psychiatric or substance abuse disorders that would interfere with
cooperation with the requirements of the trial.

- Is pregnant or breastfeeding, or expecting to conceive or father children within the
projected duration of the trial, starting with the pre-screening or screening visit
through 120 days after the last dose of trial treatment.

- Has received prior therapy with an anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, or anti-PD-L2 agent.

- Has a known history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (HIV 1/2 antibodies).

- Has known active hepatitis B (e.g., hepatitis B virus surface antigen [HBsAg]
reactive) or hepatitis C virus (e.g., HCV ribonucleic acid [RNA] [qualitative] is
detected).

- Has received a live vaccine within 30 days of planned start of study therapy.

- Note: Seasonal influenza vaccines for injection are generally inactivated flu
vaccines and are allowed; however intranasal influenza vaccines (e.g., Flu-Mist)
are live attenuated vaccines, and are not allowed.