Multi-modal Neuroimaging in Children With Cerebral Palsy or Brachial Plexus Birth Palsy

This is a non-interventional study designed to assess changes in the sensorimotor cortex of
children with CP as a result of PV-WMI and children with BPBP that combines multiple
neuroimaging techniques to better visualize the resulting brain reorganization. The study
design will be a mixed 3 (group: CP, BPBP, TD) x 2 (hemisphere: more affected, less affected)
analysis of variance (ANOVA), with group being a between-subject factor and hemisphere a
within-subjects factor.

The research study plans to recruit and test 30 children with CP due to PV-WMI, 30 children
with BPBP, and 30 aged-matched and typically developing (TD) children aged from 0 to 18 years
old.

Data from the participants will be collected over the course of four visits: (i) the
recording session for the MEG, (ii) the recording session for the EEG, (iii) the MRI scanning
session, and (iv) the TMS session. TD, CP, and BPBP subjects will be asked to commit to these
visits.

The MEG session will last ~3 hours with the actual measurements lasting ~60 minutes, the EEG
session will last ~2 hours with the actual measurements lasting ~60 minutes, the MRI visit
will last ~1 hour with the actual acquisition scan timing lasting ~30 minutes, and the TMS
visit will last ~1 and a half hours with the actual acquisition time lasting ~45 minutes.
Depending on the participant, the behavioral tests may be administered during any of the
visits that the child is most comfortable and able to perform them.

Inclusion Criteria:

Children with Cerebral Palsy should have:

- An evaluation by a pediatric neurologist with a diagnosis of CP due to PV-WMI,

- Absence of any genetic syndrome diagnosis,

- No history of trauma or brain operation,

- Classified as high-functioning (I or II) at the Gross Motor Function Classification
System (GMFCS)32.

Children with Brachial Plexus Birth Palsy should have:

- An evaluation by a hand and upper extremity surgeon with a diagnosis of BPBP

- May or may not have undergone primary microsurgical or secondary reconstructive
operations prior to this study.

Typically Developing children should have:

- No history of neurological disorder or brain injury.

Exclusion Criteria:

Children will be excluded if they meet any of the follow criteria, determined via their
medical and developmental history:

- Having a hard time sitting still,

- Presence of any metal implants,

- Baclofen pumps,

- History of traumatic brain injury or brain operation.