Effects of Nature Exposure on Smoking Behavior

Smoking continues to be the leading cause of preventable death and disease in the U.S. While
smoking is a significant threat to public health in the US in general, the negative effects
of smoking disproportionately affect Americans with 12 or fewer years of education and those
living below the poverty line. Given these health disparities, it is vital to have
widely-available treatments that can be applied in multiple contexts in a cost-efficient way.
While numerous methodologies and intervention programs exist, there is a need for improved
cessation programs targeted to smokers with low levels of education attainment and income, as
these smokers tend to be less likely to receive cessation assistance from a health care
provider or have sufficient resources to access treatments. Therefore, the present proposal
aims to assess the feasibility of a tool that will improve smoking cessation programs in a
short and cost-effective manner: a brief exposure to nature.

The health and wellbeing benefits of nature exposure have been well researched and are widely
recognized, and research on the underlying mechanism for nature's positive impact on health
has identified a reduction in impulsivity as a mediator of this effect. However, this work
has never been directly translated to smoking outcomes, and thus the translational purpose of
the present project is to assess the feasibility of a brief and cost-effective nature
exposure intervention on smoking cessation outcomes. Prior work demonstrates the validity of
the causal links in the nature -> impulsivity -> smoking cessation model. Research has shown
that nature exposure reduces impulsivity for health-related outcomes, and found that
increased impulsivity is linked to all stages of smoking. A necessary step in developing a
practical application for this research is the aim of the present project.

Smokers will be recruited online and randomly assigned to either the Nature or Control
condition. Participants in the Nature condition will be given a nature-based intervention,
while participants in the Control condition will be given a non-nature-based intervention.
Participants will be contacted via text message throughout the following 24 hours and asked
to report their degree of urgency to smoke and number of cigarettes smoked. Participants will
complete measurements of impulsivity, income, socio-economic status, and education, and
additional smoking-related constructs.