Central Nervous System Amplification in Lumbar Failed Back Surgery Syndrome

Inclusion Criteria For All Participants:

- Ability to read and speak English to allow for written informed consent, phenotyping,
and patient-reported outcomes measures

Exclusion Criteria For All Participants:

- Individuals receiving or applying for compensation or disability and other aspects
associated with potential secondary gain

- Inability to provide written informed consent

- Severe physical impairment

- Co-morbid medical conditions that may significantly impair physical functional status

- Illicit drug or unreported opioid use

- Medical or psychiatric conditions that in the judgment of study personnel would
preclude participation in this study

- Pregnant or nursing

- Liver failure

- Self-reported liver cirrhosis

- Self-reported hepatitis

- Severe Cardiovascular disease

Inclusion Criteria for Candidates for Lumbar Spine Surgery:

- Deemed to be a candidate for primary lumbar spine surgery including but not limited
to: lumbar laminectomy, discectomy, and fusion/instrumentation

- Diagnostic clinical and radiographic findings including but not limited to: lumbar
degenerative disc disease, lumbar disc protrusion, herniation, or extrusion, lumbar
spondylosis, lumbar spinal stenosis, lumbar spondylolisthesis or spondylolysis

- Willingness to participate in longitudinal follow-up or 6-months after their surgery.

Exclusion Criteria for Candidates for Lumbar Spine Surgery:

- History of previous lumbar spine surgery

- Indication for lumbar spine surgery is due to spinal cancer-related diagnosis

- Need for urgent or emergent lumbar spine surgery

Inclusion Criteria for Candidates with Lumbar Failed Back Surgery Syndrome:

- Chronic low back pain (+/- leg pain) for >= to 6 months duration after lumbar spine
surgery (with or without instrumented fusion)

- Low back pain severity is moderate to severe (Numerical Rating Scale [NRS] Score >=4)

Exclusion Criteria for Candidates with Lumbar Failed Back Surgery Syndrome:

- Have a structural spinal lesion that would make them a current candidate for a
revision lumbar spine surgery

Inclusion Criteria for Healthy Volunteers:

- No major diseases or diagnoses influencing pain or function

Exclusion Criteria for Healthy Volunteers:

- No chronic pain condition

- Score 3 or greater on the 2011 FM Survey Criteria (i.e. individuals with very mild
fatigue or sleep problems will be allowed to participate as this is extremely common
in the general population)