Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Coronary Angiography (MRCA) With Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA)

Background:

Diagnosis of significant stenosis of the coronary artery and managing the ischemia is
important to prevent cardiac events. Coronary CT angiography (CTA) is one of the current gold
standard methods to assess coronary stenosis as well as coronary angiography (CAG), but both
coronary CTA and CAG are limited by radiation exposure or contrast media administration.

Magnetic resonance coronary angiography (MRCA) has its advantage in its ability to assess the
coronary artery morphology without radiation or contrast media. Unfortunately, the clinical
application of MRCA is still challenging mainly because of technical limitation such as its
time-consuming image acquisition, inconsistent image quality, and low spatial resolution.

Optimization of MRCA image acquisition process is under great interest and compressed sensing
(CS) is one of the promising methods to reduce the acquisition time. Although it's noise-like
granular characteristics is a weakness due to its random k-space data acquisition. The
granularity may affect the interpretation of the MRCA images considering the small diameter
of the coronary arteries. To solve this problem, post-processing denoising approach with deep
learning reconstruction (dDLR) is proposed, however too much image smoothing may lead to
unfavorable image blurring or produce artefactual smoothing leading to the removal of
clinically meaningful signal intensity drops across the artery. Hence, merely assessing the
noise level is insufficient. Evaluation of the optimized images with coronary CTA, which is
one of the current gold standards, is inevitable to assess its clinical feasibility.

The lack of a consensus method to assess the coronary stenosis on MRCA is another problem.
MRCA interpretation is generally performed visually, but its quantification is clinically
important to detect the significant stenosis. A previous study has reported by investigating
the signal intensity (SI) profile across the coronary artery and its drop of 35% corresponded
to significant stenosis by coronary angiography (CAG). Although this SI drop phenomenon was
not observed in a different study on chronic total obstruction cases. One of the hypothesized
reasons is that the SI drop in MRCA is affected not only by the stenosis severity but also
the plaque characteristics, which is not assessable by CAG. To confirm this hypothesis
coronary CTA is needed, which is a robust modality to assess coronary stenosis and plaque
characteristics. Comparison between MRCA with CTA has the potential to give better
information for developing a robust method to assess MRCA.

In this study, the investigators aim to evaluate the feasibility of MRCA scanned with
optimized protocol and post-processing, and to develop robust coronary artery assessment
method on MRCA, by comparison with clinical coronary CTA.

Study Procedures:

This is a prospective, non-randomized study. Overall 50 participants in total will be
recruited within 12 months. Each participant will undergo one non-contrast MRI.

The candidate for recruitment will be clinical patients who underwent clinical coronary CTA
within 6 months. Candidate participant selection will be performed by investigating the
electronic medical record (EMR). Then the candidate participants will receive a phone
screening using a questionnaire which contents are corresponding to the inclusion and
exclusion criteria (which will be described later). When the candidate fulfills all the
criteria and if the person gives consent, the investigators will recruit the person into this
study. The written consent will be obtained at the MRI preparation room from one of the study
team members. The consent to use the previously scanned coronary CTA is obtained at the same
time of consent for the MRI, although the investigators do not include the clinical CTA
acquisition into this study protocol because it is a routine clinical care that performed
previously.

Before the MRI scanning, the participant will get blood pressure measurement to confirm the
systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥110 mmHg, which is an inclusion criteria for a sublingual
nitro tablet be administered to the participant in advance to the MRI. Sublingual nitro
tablet administration is aimed to dilate the coronary artery, which is a routine procedure in
coronary CTA as well. When the SBP was <110 mmHg, then the participant will not receive the
sublingual nitro. The participant will undergo non-contrast cardiac MRI, including
non-contrast whole heart MRI with T2-prepared segmented fast low-angle shot 3D spoiled
gradient echo sequence with ECG-gating, diaphragm navigator-gating, and fat suppression. All
the scans will be performed with a 3 Tesla Vantage Galan scanner (Canon Medical systems).
After the acquisition, the MRI data will be reconstructed and then undergo post-processing
denoising. The DICOM images will be anonymized and stored in a folder for this study inside
Hopkins network.

The MRCA and CTA image assessment will be performed from anonymized images on workstations
with suitable function.

Inclusion Criteria:

- Participants who underwent clinical coronary CTA within 6 months and allow the study
to use the image.

- Willing to sign a consent.

- Overall health status is rated as good/healthy other than suspected coronary artery
disease

- Weight is <300 pounds

- Not claustrophobic

- Age: 18 or older

- No clear contraindication against the sublingual nitro administration

Exclusion Criteria:

- Previous history of bypass surgery or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)

- Metal fragments in the eyes, brain, or spinal cord

- Internal electrical devices, such as a cochlear implant, spinal cord stimulator,
pacemaker, or defibrillator

- Pregnancy

- Claustrophobia

- Unstable angina pectoris patients

- Taking phosphodiesterase V inhibitors (If the participant is taking this medication
for erectile dysfunction and allowed to stop it for 72 hours before the MRI, the
participant can be included in this study.)

- Contraindication to use sublingual nitro administration, such as occlusive glaucoma,
known allergy or severe intolerance, critical aortic stenosis. Blood pressure is not
included in the exclusion criteria, but when the SBP<110 mmHg just before the cardiac
MRI, the participant will not be administered the sublingual nitro.