Rice Bran Supplementation in Treated HIV Infection

Rationale: HIV infected persons have greater levels of inflammation and immune activation
compared to the general population and are at greater risk of developing coronary heart
disease (CHD) and other inflammation-associated co-morbidities. Intervention with BRM4
(Arabinoxylan Rice Bran Supplementation) in this population with impaired immune
reconstitution may improve inflammation by a variety of mechanisms.

Intervention: Arabinoxylan Rice Bran Supplementation with BRM4, is a nutritional supplement
marketed in the US. It is composed of dietary fiber obtained from a denatured hemicellulose
that is obtained by reacting rice bran hemicellulose with multiple carbohydrate hydrolyzing
enzymes from Shiitake mushrooms.

Objectives: The primary objective is to evaluate if 12 weeks of supplementation with
arabinoxylan rice bran can safely reduce markers of inflammation during ART-suppressed HIV
infection and thus potentially reduce the potential to develop end-organ disease in this
group of at-risk patients.

Study population: HIV-infected participants (≥18 years of age) who have been on stable ART
for at least 24 weeks prior to study entry, and have impaired immune reconstitution defined
as a CD4+ T-cell count 100-350 cells/mm3 prior to study entry, with plasma HIV-1 RNA <50
copies/mL. In order to assure 24 evaluable subjects, the investigators will enroll 28
subjects total (assuming 15% lost to follow-up rate).

Study methodology: Randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial

Description of study arms: At entry participants will be randomized to one of the following
arms:

Arm 1: BRM4 two 500mg capsules thrice daily p.o. for 12 weeks

Arm 2: Placebo for Biobran two capsules thrice daily p.o. for 12 weeks

Study endpoints: Primary - changes in sCD14 levels after 12 weeks of intervention. Secondary
- week 12 changes in other inflammatory markers, microbial translocation, T-cell counts, and
metabolic variables.

Follow-up: Participants will not be followed after study completion, unless follow-up is
necessary for an adverse event.

Statistics: A total sample of 24 evaluable subjects (12 per arm) is needed to detect a
clinically relevant difference of 0.07 log10 in sCD14 levels between treatment vs. placebo
arms with 90% power and a 0.05 two-sided type I error rate.

Plans for analysis: For the primary analysis, changes in sCD14 (and other biomarkers) from
baseline to week 12 will be compared between the treatment arm and the placebo arm by a
two-sided, two-sample t-test.

Inclusion Criteria:

- Documented HIV-1 infection

- Currently on a combination antiretroviral regimen for ≥24 weeks prior to study entry
with no interruption longer than 7 consecutive days during that period.

- Plasma HIV-1 RNA levels below 50 copies/mL for at least 24 weeks prior to study entry.

- CD4+ cell count 100-350 cells/mm3 obtained within 90 days prior to study entry.

- The following laboratory values obtained within 90 days prior to entry by any US
laboratory that has a CLIA certification or its equivalent.

- Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥750/mm3

- Hemoglobin ≥8.0 g/dL

- Platelet count ≥50,000/mm3

- Calculated creatinine clearance (CrCl) ≥50 mL/min as estimated by the
Cockroft-Gault formula

- Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (SGOT) ≤5 x upper limit of normal (ULN).

- alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (SGPT) ≤5 x ULN.

- alkaline phosphatase ≤5 x ULN.

- Total bilirubin ≤2.5 x ULN (if the participant is receiving atazanavir, a total
bilirubin of ≤5 x ULN is acceptable)

- For females of reproductive potential (women who have not been post-menopausal for at
least 24 consecutive months, i.e. who have had menses within 24 months prior to study
entry), or women who have not undergone surgical sterilization (specifically
hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy or tubal ligation), will require a negative
serum or urine pregnancy test (latter with a sensitivity of 15-25 mIU/mL) within 2
days prior to entry.

- If participating in sexual activity that could lead to pregnancy, the female study
volunteer must be willing to use a contraceptive while receiving protocol-specified
medication

- Men and women age 18 years or greater.

- Ability and willingness of participant or legal guardian/representative to provide
informed consent.

- Participants on statin therapy must be stable on the same dose for at least the prior
12 weeks with no anticipated change in statin or dose during the intervention

Exclusion Criteria:

- Change in the ART regimen within the 12 weeks prior to study entry, or
anticipated/intended modification of ART during the study period.

- Two or more HIV-1 RNA determinations >200 copies/mL within the 48 week period prior to
study entry.

- Use of any immunomodulator, HIV vaccine, investigational therapy, or anti-TNF
therapies within 90 days prior to study entry.

- Active malignancy with expected need for systemic chemotherapy or radiation therapy
during the study period.

- Pregnant or breastfeeding.

- Known allergy/sensitivity to rice, rice bran, mushrooms, or related food products.

- Active drug or alcohol use or dependence that, in the opinion of the site
investigator, would interfere with adherence to study requirements.

- Acute or serious illness requiring systemic treatment and/or hospitalization within 90
days prior to entry.