The Use of Hepatitis C Positive Kidneys in Hepatitis C Negative Kidney Transplant Recipients

This is a prospective, single center, pilot, open-label study of transplantation of kidneys
of HCVAb+ donors to HCVAb- recipients with subsequent therapy with sofosbuvir/velpatasvir
(Epclusa®). Recipients of a kidney from HCVAb+/NAT- donors will be in arm 1 (the
transmission-triggered arm) of the study. In this arm, the study will monitor HCV by
measuring HCV RNA in renal transplant recipients. If HCV RNA is detected, indicating
transmission of HCV, recipients will be treated with sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (Epclusa®) for 12
weeks. Virological response will be assessed at 4 weeks, end of treatment and 12 weeks after
completion of therapy.

Recipients of a kidney from HCVAb+/NAT+ donors will be in arm 2 (the prophylaxis arm) of the
study. In this arm, patients will be started on a 12-week course of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir
(Epclusa®) immediately post-operatively and will undergo close monitoring of HCV RNA for
evidence of transmission.

To be eligible for the study, subjects need to be listed for renal transplantation, be not
infected with HCV, HBV or HIV, and sign informed consent.

Inclusion criteria (recipients):

1. Patients with end-stage renal disease listed for kidney transplantation at UPMC.

2. On chronic hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis or stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD)
defined as a glomerular filtration rate < 15 ml/min

3. Age ≥ 18

4. No available living kidney donor

5. Listed for an isolated kidney transplant at UPMC with <60m of accrued transplant
waiting time and/or <60m of dialysis time

6. Have panel reactive antibody level of <98%

7. No obvious contraindication to liver transplant

8. Able to travel to UPMC for routine post-transplant visits and study visits for a
minimum of 12 months after transplantation

9. Able to provide informed consent

10. Be willing to use a contraceptive method for a year after transplant

Exclusion criteria (recipients):

1. HIV positive

2. HCVAb or HCV RNA positive

3. Presence of behavioral risk factors for contracting HCV other than being on
hemodialysis. These behavioral risk factors are current injection drug use, current
intranasal illicit drug use, current percutaneous/parenteral exposures in an
unregulated setting.

4. Hepatitis B surface antigen positive

5. History of liver cirrhosis

6. Persistently elevated liver transaminases, defined as ALT/AST at least 3 times the
upper limit of normal for a minimum of 3 consecutive months

7. History of atrial fibrillation requiring the use of amiodarone over the past 12m

8. Patients with etiology of renal failure with increased risk of causing early graft
failure as assessed by the investigator team

9. Receipt of prior organ transplant

10. Waitlisted for a multi-organ transplant

11. Pregnant women

12. Known allergy to sofosbuvir/velpatasvir

13. Any condition, psychiatric or physical, that in the opinion of the investigator would
make it unsafe to proceed with transplantation or interfere with the ability of the
subject to participate in the study

Inclusion criteria (donors):

1. HCV antibody positive

2. HCV NAT negative or positive

3. Kidney donor profile index (KDPI) score <85

Exclusion criteria (donors):

1. Confirmed HIV positive (positive HIV-1 antibody, positive HIV-2 antibody, positive p24
antigen and/or positive HIV NAT)

2. Confirmed HBV positive (positive hepatitis B surface antigen and/or HBV NAT)

3. Known ongoing therapy for HCV