Retraining the Walking Pattern After Stroke

Stroke often results in functional gait deficits and abnormal gait patterns. Typically,
several features of gait are altered (e.g. knee joint movement decreases and step lengths are
asymmetric). Data show that walking patterns after neurologic injury can be changed through
gait training, but traditional rehabilitation approaches typically focus on changing one
feature of gait at a time. However, the investigators have recently shown that in a single
session individuals post-stroke are able to learn to change multiple components of this
impaired gait pattern at the same time.

To further leverage this ability to learn multiple things at once, the investigators have
also studied how different forms of visual feedback about leg movements may best facilitate
individuals to make meaningful changes to multiple features of the gait pattern.
Specifically, they have studied two forms of visual feedback - 1) multidimensional, with
multiple streams of information about leg movements, and 2) one-dimensional, which
distills/summarizes multiple pieces of information about the gait pattern into a single
source of feedback. They have shown that the one-dimensional summary feedback is more
effective to help people learn a new gait pattern that requires changing multiple features of
how they are walking. This work has focused on single training sessions in neurologically
intact individuals, but the authors would like to study the effects of longer-term training
with these different forms of feedback. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to gather
preliminary data to inform the design of a clinical trial of gait training to treat walking
deficits post-stroke. The investigators will gather data to determine whether training with
different forms of visual feedback about leg movements are effective at improving gait
patterns post-stroke - and which form of feedback may be more effective.

The investigators will study adults with cerebral damage due to stroke. Subjects with
hemiparesis will undergo training 3 times a week for a total of 12 training session. These 12
sessions will be broken into 2 blocks of 6 sessions, with at least a 2 week break in between.
In each block, training will occur with one form of visual (multi- or one-dimensional).
Participants will complete training with both forms of feedback, the order of feedback forms
will be randomly assigned. These studies will provide important new information about gait
training with visual feedback in individuals post-stroke. This study is critical for
developing procedural reliability processes, calculating effect sizes, and determining other
salient clinical variables in preparation for a randomized clinical trial.

Inclusion Criteria:

- stroke or hemiparesis (>6 months post stroke)

- able to walk but has a residual gait deficit (including those who walk with a cane or
walker)

- Able to walk for 5 minutes at their self-paced speed

- Adults age 20-80

Exclusion Criteria:

- Cerebellar signs (e.g.ataxic hemiparesis)

- Any neurologic condition other than stroke

- Uncontrolled diabetes

- Congestive heart failure

- Peripheral artery disease with claudication

- Pulmonary or renal failure

- Unstable angina

- Uncontrolled hypertension (>190/110 mmHg)

- MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test for Dementia) < 23

- Severe aphasia

- Orthopedic or pain conditions that limit walking

- Pregnancy